Introduction Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a rare chronic dermatosis characterized by an abnormal keratinization. Mutations in genes of the mevalonate pathway (MVK, MVD, PMVK, FDPS) have been identified in many cases of porokeratosis. Recent studies have suggested that therapy with topical statins may contribute to improve the disease phenotype by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and reducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical therapy with 2% Simvastatin ointment in patients with DSAP. Materials and Methods A prospective observational single-center study was conducted at the Dermatology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua between January 2025 and July 2025. Fifteen patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of DSAP were included and treated with 2% Simvastatin ointment, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. Disease severity was assessed using the DSAP-GASI score for upper and lower limbs at baseline, at week 6, and at week 12. Itch was measured using the NRS itch scale. Adverse events were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Fisher's exact test. Results Among 15 enrolled patients, one discontinued treatment due to adverse events, and the remaining 14 completed the study. The mean age in sample was 69 years; 73.3% of the patients were female and 40% had a family history of DSAP. A significant reduction in DSAP-GASI score at 12 weeks was observed for both upper and lower limbs (p=0.002), corresponding to a median reduction of 66.6% and 50%, respectively. Itch intensity also decreased significantly (p=0.010). A ≥50% reduction in DSAP-GASI score was achieved in 71.4% of patients. One patient (6.7%) discontinued treatment due to a localized eczematous reaction localized in the treated sites. No statistically significant correlation has been found between clinical response and disease duration or family history, although the latter showed a positive trend. Discussion We confirm the efficacy of 2% topical Simvastatin in reducing the severity of DSAP, like reported in previous studies with 2% topical Lovastatin. The clinical response supports the pathogenetic hypothesis of a mevalonate pathway alteration in DSAP patients and the role of statins as a pathogenetic targeted treatment. The lack of genetic testing and the small sample size are the main limitations of the study. Conclusions Treatment with 2% Simvastatin ointment proved to be effective and safe in our cohort of 15 patients and may represent a first-line treatment option for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Introduzione La porocheratosi attinica superficiale disseminata (DSAP) è una rara dermatosi cronica caratterizzata da un’alterazione della cheratinizzazione. In molti casi, in questa patologia, sono state identificate mutazioni nei geni della via metabolica del mevalonato (MVK, MVD, PMVK, FDPS). Recenti studi hanno suggerito che le statine topiche, inibendo l’HMG-CoA reduttasi, possano ridurre l’accumulo di metaboliti tossici responsabili del fenotipo cutaneo di malattia. Lo scopo di questo studio è valutare l’efficacia e la sicurezza della terapia topica con Simvastatina 2% in unguento galenico in pazienti affetti da DSAP. Materiali e Metodi È stato condotto uno studio prospettico osservazionale monocentrico presso la U.O.C. di Clinica Dermatologica dell’Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova tra gennaio e luglio 2025. Sono stati inclusi 15 pazienti con diagnosi clinica o istologica di DSAP, trattati con Simvastatina 2% in unguento, applicata due volte al giorno per 12 settimane. La severità di malattia è stata valutata tramite score DSAP-GASI per arti superiori e inferiori al baseline, a 6 e 12 settimane. Il prurito è stato misurato con la scala NRS prurito. Sono stati inoltre registrati gli eventi avversi. L’analisi statistica è stata condotta con test dei ranghi di Wilcoxon e test esatto di Fisher. Risultati Dei 15 pazienti arruolati un paziente ha sospeso il trattamento per comparsa di eventi avversi, mentre i rimanenti 14 hanno completato il trattamento. L’età media del campione è stata di 69 anni; il 73,3% era di sesso femminile e il 40% aveva familiarità per DSAP. È stata osservata una riduzione significativa dello score DSAP-GASI a 12 settimane sia per arti superiori che inferiori (p=0,002), corrispondente a una riduzione della mediana del 66,6% e 50% rispettivamente. Anche il prurito è diminuito in modo significativo (p=0,010). Il 71,4% dei pazienti ha raggiunto una riduzione ≥50% dello score DSAP-GASI. Un solo paziente (6,7%) ha sospeso il trattamento per una reazione eczematosa localizzata alle sedi di applicazione. Non sono emerse correlazioni statisticamente significative tra risposta clinica e durata di malattia o familiarità, pur mostrando quest’ultima una tendenza positiva. Discussione I risultati confermano l’efficacia del trattamento con Simvastatina topica al 2% nel ridurre la gravità della DSAP, in linea con quanto riportato in studi precedenti su preparati galenici con Lovastatina topica al 2%. La risposta clinica significativa supporta l’ipotesi patogenetica di un’alterazione della via metabolica del mevalonato nei pazienti affetti da DSAP e l’utilità delle statine come trattamento mirato alla patogenesi. La mancata esecuzione di analisi genetiche e la limitata numerosità campionaria rappresentano i principali limiti dello studio. Conclusioni La terapia con Simvastatina 2% in unguento preparato galenico si è rivelata efficace e sicura nella nostra coorte di 15 pazienti, e potrebbe rappresentare un’opzione di trattamento di prima linea nei pazienti affetti da porocheratosi attinica superficiale disseminata, sono necessari tuttavia ulteriori studi con una maggiore numerosità campionaria.
Studio prospettico sull'utilizzo di una terapia topica a base di Simvastatina in una coorte di 15 pazienti affetti da Porocheratosi attinica superficiale disseminata.
SCOLARO, FILIPPO
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP) is a rare chronic dermatosis characterized by an abnormal keratinization. Mutations in genes of the mevalonate pathway (MVK, MVD, PMVK, FDPS) have been identified in many cases of porokeratosis. Recent studies have suggested that therapy with topical statins may contribute to improve the disease phenotype by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase and reducing the accumulation of toxic metabolites of the mevalonate pathway. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical therapy with 2% Simvastatin ointment in patients with DSAP. Materials and Methods A prospective observational single-center study was conducted at the Dermatology Unit of the University Hospital of Padua between January 2025 and July 2025. Fifteen patients with a clinical or histological diagnosis of DSAP were included and treated with 2% Simvastatin ointment, applied twice daily for 12 weeks. Disease severity was assessed using the DSAP-GASI score for upper and lower limbs at baseline, at week 6, and at week 12. Itch was measured using the NRS itch scale. Adverse events were also recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Fisher's exact test. Results Among 15 enrolled patients, one discontinued treatment due to adverse events, and the remaining 14 completed the study. The mean age in sample was 69 years; 73.3% of the patients were female and 40% had a family history of DSAP. A significant reduction in DSAP-GASI score at 12 weeks was observed for both upper and lower limbs (p=0.002), corresponding to a median reduction of 66.6% and 50%, respectively. Itch intensity also decreased significantly (p=0.010). A ≥50% reduction in DSAP-GASI score was achieved in 71.4% of patients. One patient (6.7%) discontinued treatment due to a localized eczematous reaction localized in the treated sites. No statistically significant correlation has been found between clinical response and disease duration or family history, although the latter showed a positive trend. Discussion We confirm the efficacy of 2% topical Simvastatin in reducing the severity of DSAP, like reported in previous studies with 2% topical Lovastatin. The clinical response supports the pathogenetic hypothesis of a mevalonate pathway alteration in DSAP patients and the role of statins as a pathogenetic targeted treatment. The lack of genetic testing and the small sample size are the main limitations of the study. Conclusions Treatment with 2% Simvastatin ointment proved to be effective and safe in our cohort of 15 patients and may represent a first-line treatment option for disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96791