Background: Care pathways (CPs) represent an advanced organizational model for chronic care management and are increasingly recognized as indicators of the quality achieved by healthcare organizations. Their implementation is therefore a strategic component for the continuous improvement of healthcare delivery. The “Euganea” Local Health Authority formalized the CP for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), involving all healthcare services accessed by these patients across the organizational area. Telemedicine was introduced as a key resource to promote equity of access and care continuity. However, discrepancies between the planned and the actual implementation should not be underestimated, and continuous improvement requires identifying the barriers hindering the effective application of the pathway in clinical practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to identify potential barriers to the implementation of the CP for T2DM. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to compare the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) working in Integrated Medical Groups (IMGs) with those of GPs working in other group practice arrangements. The ultimate goal was to assess whether the establishment of IMGs positively influenced the implementation of CPs in chronic care management. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). It was administered by e-mail to 445 GPs affiliated with the “Euganea” Local Health Authority, and working in various group practice arrangements, to statistically validate the ordinal measurement scale. Data were processed by the Epidemiology Unit of the Authority. In addition, two audit simulations were carried out in two IMGs using a checklist to assess concordance with the questionnaire findings. Results: A total of 142 questionnaires were collected, 60 from IMGs and 82 from other group practice arrangements. The questionnaire was validated, although the removal of one item was deemed necessary to increase its reliability. A significant difference emerged between the scores of GPs working in IMGs (mean 15.9) and those of GPs working in other arrangements (mean 13.6). The data suggest that the main barriers to CP implementation concern shortcomings in equipment, unclear definition of responsibilities, and limited professional skills, consistent with the findings of the checklist. Conclusion: The validated questionnaire proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the barriers hindering the implementation of CPs. The results appear to confirm the positive impact of IMGs on chronic care management and the usefulness of the TDF as a methodological reference. The responses collected, consistent with the checklist findings, may support the planning of targeted training and organizational interventions according to the identified critical issues. These tools could be employed by a future control room to monitor and continuously improve CPs, as well as to evaluate upcoming organizational developments in primary care.
Introduzione: I Percorsi Diagnostico-Terapeutici Assistenziali (PDTA) rappresentano un modello organizzativo avanzato di gestione della cronicità, e si stanno progressivamente affermando anche come indicatori del livello qualitativo raggiunto dalle strutture sanitarie. L’implementazione di tali percorsi diviene, dunque, elemento strategico per il miglioramento continuo dell’assistenza. L’Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea ha deliberato il PDTA per i pazienti affetti da Diabete mellito tipo 2 (DM2) attraverso il coinvolgimento di tutti i Servizi cui i pazienti hanno accesso entro l'area aziendale. La telemedicina è stata introdotta come risorsa chiave per promuovere l’equità nell'accesso alle cure e la continuità assistenziale. Tuttavia, gli scostamenti tra la situazione prevista e quella osservata non devono essere sottovalutati, e il miglioramento continuo richiede l'identificazione delle "barriere" che contrastano l'effettiva applicazione del percorso nella pratica assistenziale. Scopo dello studio: L’obiettivo dello studio è stato quello di identificare quali potrebbero essere le barriere all’implementazione del PDTA. Un’indagine conoscitiva è stata effettuata attraverso il confronto tra le percezioni dei Medici di medicina generale (MMG) operanti nelle Medicine di gruppo integrate (MGI) con quelle dei MMG operanti in altre forme associative, col fine ultimo di stimare se l’istituzione delle MGI abbia positivamente influenzato l’implementazione dei PDTA nella gestione della cronicità. Materiale e metodi: È stato elaborato un questionario secondo il modello Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Lo stesso è stato inviato via e-mail per la compilazione a 445 MMG convenzionati con l’ULSS 6 e operanti nelle varie forme associative per la validazione statistica della scala ordinale di misurazione; i dati raccolti sono stati elaborati dall’UOSD Epidemiologia dell’ULSS 6. Inoltre, è stata sperimentata, attraverso due simulazioni di audit, una scheda di verifica presso due MGI per la verifica della concordanza coi risultati del questionario. Risultati: Sono stati raccolti 142 questionari di cui 60 dalle MGI e 82 da altre forme associative. Il questionario è stato validato, evidenziando tuttavia l’opportunità di eliminare un item per aumentarne l’affidabilità. È stata riscontrata una differenza significativa tra i punteggi della scala di misurazione attribuiti da chi opera nelle MGI (media 15.9) e quelli attribuiti da chi opera nelle altre forme associative (media 13.6). I dati raccolti sembrano indicare come principali barriere all’implementazione del PDTA carenze strumentali, definizione non chiara delle responsabilità e limiti nelle competenze professionali, in concordanza coi risultati della scheda di verifica. Conclusioni: Il questionario validato si è dimostrato uno strumento affidabile per valutare le barriere che ostacolano l’applicazione del PDTA. I risultati paiono confermare l’impatto delle MGI nel miglioramento della gestione della cronicità e l’utilità del modello TDF come riferimento metodologico. Le risposte raccolte, in concordanza con i risultati della scheda di verifica, potrebbero risultare utili per orientare secondo le criticità evidenziate la pianificazione di interventi formativi e organizzativi mirati. Gli strumenti potrebbero essere utilizzati da una futura Cabina di regia aziendale per il monitoraggio e il miglioramento continuo dei PDTA, e per la valutazione delle imminenti evoluzioni organizzative dell’assistenza primaria.
L'implementazione del PDTA per il diabete tipo 2 nell'Azienda ULSS 6 Euganea: una ricerca sul campo
GHIRARDINI, DIEGO
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Care pathways (CPs) represent an advanced organizational model for chronic care management and are increasingly recognized as indicators of the quality achieved by healthcare organizations. Their implementation is therefore a strategic component for the continuous improvement of healthcare delivery. The “Euganea” Local Health Authority formalized the CP for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), involving all healthcare services accessed by these patients across the organizational area. Telemedicine was introduced as a key resource to promote equity of access and care continuity. However, discrepancies between the planned and the actual implementation should not be underestimated, and continuous improvement requires identifying the barriers hindering the effective application of the pathway in clinical practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to identify potential barriers to the implementation of the CP for T2DM. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to compare the perceptions of general practitioners (GPs) working in Integrated Medical Groups (IMGs) with those of GPs working in other group practice arrangements. The ultimate goal was to assess whether the establishment of IMGs positively influenced the implementation of CPs in chronic care management. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). It was administered by e-mail to 445 GPs affiliated with the “Euganea” Local Health Authority, and working in various group practice arrangements, to statistically validate the ordinal measurement scale. Data were processed by the Epidemiology Unit of the Authority. In addition, two audit simulations were carried out in two IMGs using a checklist to assess concordance with the questionnaire findings. Results: A total of 142 questionnaires were collected, 60 from IMGs and 82 from other group practice arrangements. The questionnaire was validated, although the removal of one item was deemed necessary to increase its reliability. A significant difference emerged between the scores of GPs working in IMGs (mean 15.9) and those of GPs working in other arrangements (mean 13.6). The data suggest that the main barriers to CP implementation concern shortcomings in equipment, unclear definition of responsibilities, and limited professional skills, consistent with the findings of the checklist. Conclusion: The validated questionnaire proved to be a reliable tool for assessing the barriers hindering the implementation of CPs. The results appear to confirm the positive impact of IMGs on chronic care management and the usefulness of the TDF as a methodological reference. The responses collected, consistent with the checklist findings, may support the planning of targeted training and organizational interventions according to the identified critical issues. These tools could be employed by a future control room to monitor and continuously improve CPs, as well as to evaluate upcoming organizational developments in primary care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/96892