The management of forensic psychiatric patients in Italy has undergone profound changes in recent years as a result of significant legislative reforms that have progressively redefined its organizational and conceptual framework. Prime Ministerial Decree No. 126 of 2008 transferred responsibility for prison healthcare to the National Health Service, laying the groundwork for the subsequent closure of the Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals (OPG). Law No. 81 of 2014 definitively established the closure of the OPGs by instituting the Residences for the Execution of Security Measures (REMS), adopting a model of care and rehabilitation more consistent with constitutional principles and a healthcare-oriented rather than custodial approach. The implementation of this reform has revealed several critical issues, including the shortage of available places in the REMS, the heterogeneous management among regions, and the resulting long waiting lists, as highlighted by Constitutional Court ruling No. 22 of 2022. These challenges affect the effective enforcement of security measures and the respect of the principles of legality, proportionality, and the right to healthcare. This thesis examines the legal and organizational evolution of the system for the care and management of forensic psychiatric patients in the post-OPG era, focusing on the main critical issues and the operational responses developed. Particular attention is devoted to the CePAC – Center for Criminological Profiling and Analysis – a residential facility located within the Istituti Polesani in Ficarolo (Rovigo), dedicated to clinical observation and multidisciplinary assessment of offenders affected by psychiatric disorders, under residential probation with an appropriate prescriptive framework, or under house arrest in a healthcare facility. The center represents a significant example of integration between the healthcare and judicial systems within the context of forensic mental health in the Veneto Region.
La gestione dei pazienti psichiatrici autori di reato in Italia ha subito, negli ultimi anni, profondi cambiamenti a seguito di importanti interventi legislativi che ne hanno ridefinito l’assetto organizzativo e concettuale. Il DPCM n. 126 del 2008 ha trasferito al Servizio Sanitario Nazionale le competenze relative alla sanità penitenziaria, ponendo le basi per la successiva chiusura degli Ospedali Psichiatrici Giudiziari (OPG). Con la Legge n. 81 del 2014 è stato sancito definitivamente il superamento degli OPG in virtù delle Residenze per l’Esecuzione delle Misure di Sicurezza (REMS), in un’ottica di cura e riabilitazione più coerente con i principi costituzionali e con un approccio di tipo sanitario piuttosto che custodiale. L’attuazione della riforma ha evidenziato criticità di rilievo, tra cui la carenza di posti nelle REMS, la disomogeneità gestionale tra le regioni e le conseguenti lunghe liste d’attesa, come sottolineato anche dalla sentenza n. 22 del 2022 della Corte Costituzionale. Tali problematiche incidono sull’effettiva esecuzione delle misure di sicurezza e sul rispetto dei principi di legalità, proporzionalità e diritto alla cura. La presente trattazione analizza l’evoluzione normativa e organizzativa del sistema di presa in carico del paziente psichiatrico giudiziario nell’era post-OPG, approfondendo le principali criticità emerse e le risposte operative sviluppate. Particolare attenzione è rivolta al CePAC – Centro di Profilazione e Analisi Criminologica – struttura residenziale collocata presso gli Istituti Polesani di Ficarolo (Rovigo), dedicata all’osservazione clinica e alla valutazione multidisciplinare di soggetti autori di reato affetti da patologia psichiatrica, in libertà vigilata residenziale (art. 228 c.p.p.) con adeguato apparato prescrittivo, ovvero agli arresti domiciliari presso luogo di cura (art. 284 c.p.p.). Il centro rappresenta un esempio significativo di integrazione tra ambito sanitario e giudiziario nel contesto della salute mentale forense della Regione Veneto.
LA PRESA IN CARICO DEL PAZIENTE PSICHIATRICO GIUDIZIARIO NELL’ERA POST-OPG. Strutture innovative nel modello della Regione Veneto: il Centro di Profilazione e Analisi Criminologica
DEGANELLO, CHIARA
2023/2024
Abstract
The management of forensic psychiatric patients in Italy has undergone profound changes in recent years as a result of significant legislative reforms that have progressively redefined its organizational and conceptual framework. Prime Ministerial Decree No. 126 of 2008 transferred responsibility for prison healthcare to the National Health Service, laying the groundwork for the subsequent closure of the Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals (OPG). Law No. 81 of 2014 definitively established the closure of the OPGs by instituting the Residences for the Execution of Security Measures (REMS), adopting a model of care and rehabilitation more consistent with constitutional principles and a healthcare-oriented rather than custodial approach. The implementation of this reform has revealed several critical issues, including the shortage of available places in the REMS, the heterogeneous management among regions, and the resulting long waiting lists, as highlighted by Constitutional Court ruling No. 22 of 2022. These challenges affect the effective enforcement of security measures and the respect of the principles of legality, proportionality, and the right to healthcare. This thesis examines the legal and organizational evolution of the system for the care and management of forensic psychiatric patients in the post-OPG era, focusing on the main critical issues and the operational responses developed. Particular attention is devoted to the CePAC – Center for Criminological Profiling and Analysis – a residential facility located within the Istituti Polesani in Ficarolo (Rovigo), dedicated to clinical observation and multidisciplinary assessment of offenders affected by psychiatric disorders, under residential probation with an appropriate prescriptive framework, or under house arrest in a healthcare facility. The center represents a significant example of integration between the healthcare and judicial systems within the context of forensic mental health in the Veneto Region.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97021