This work aims to investigate the relationship between psychological suffering, the body, and the process of symbolization, within a clinical framework integrating biological-psychiatric and experiential-psychological perspectives. Clinical practice frequently shows that, in many patients, distress manifests initially through the body and somatic symptoms rather than through language or mental representation. In these cases, the difficulty involves not only diagnosis and treatment choice, but the very possibility of attributing meaning to lived experience. Starting from this observation, the study explores the relationship between physical pain and the subject’s capacity to elaborate it symbolically, understood as the ability to transform bodily experience into a representable and communicable form. The guiding hypothesis is that certain forms of suffering—particularly those characterized by somatoform symptoms, pervasive anxiety, and obsessive ritualizations—may be understood as expressions of dissociated emotional schemas, that is, fragments of experience not yet integrated into a coherent symbolic representation. The investigation begins with the analysis of a clinical case in which a symptomatology only partially responsive to psychopharmacological treatment, along with persistent requests for medical reassurance, provided an opportunity to examine the links between trauma, body, and embodiment in the patient’s life history. The case highlights how difficulties in forming meaningful connections between biographical events and emotional experiences may result in a “speechless” suffering, and how such suffering shapes the therapeutic relationship, the pharmacological response, and the very possibilities of care. To address these themes, the thesis adopts a phenomenological-structural and psychodynamic perspective, integrating Wilma Bucci’s multiple code theory, Thomas Fuchs’ work on embodied intersubjectivity, and psychoanalytic contributions from Jacques Lacan and Jean Bergeret regarding the structuring role of the Other and of language in the formation of the Self. This theoretical integration allows for a conception of psychological suffering not as a mere set of symptoms, but as the outcome of a fracture in the symbolization process, in which the body becomes the privileged site of expression for what cannot yet be said or thought. The work is organized into five chapters. Following the clinical case presentation, the main theories on symbolization and on the development of the relationship between body, affect, and language are examined. These theoretical premises inform a re-reading of the clinical case in light of the notion of the “symptom without symbol,” highlighting pain as the expression of a dissociated emotional schema. Finally, the concluding section addresses the methodological and epistemological implications of this perspective, proposing a psychiatric model in which the search for meaning functions as a guiding operational principle for both diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, including pharmacological and psychological approaches. In this view, the search for meaning in psychopathological experience is not a speculative accessory, but an essential clinical tool: a way of understanding and treating suffering by restoring the possibility for it to be recognized, represented, and shared within the therapeutic relationship.
Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare la relazione tra sofferenza psichica, corpo e processo di simbolizzazione, nella prospettiva di una integrazione clinica tra un approccio biologico-psichiatrico e psicologico-esperienziale. L’esperienza clinica quotidiana mostra come, in numerosi pazienti, la sofferenza si esprima inizialmente attraverso il corpo e i sintomi somatici, piuttosto che mediante la parola o la rappresentazione mentale. In questi casi, la difficoltà non riguarda soltanto l’inquadramento diagnostico o la scelta della terapia, ma investe la possibilità stessa di attribuire un significato all’esperienza vissuta. A partire da tale osservazione, questo elaborato intende esplorare il rapporto tra il dolore fisico e la capacità da parte del soggetto di elaborarlo in senso simbolico, intesa come possibilità di trasformare il vissuto corporeo in un contenuto rappresentabile e comunicabile. L’ipotesi che orienta la riflessione è che alcune forme di sofferenza, in particolare quelle caratterizzate da sintomatologie somatoformi, ansie pervasive e ritualizzazioni ossessive, possano essere comprese come espressioni di schemi emotivi dissociati, vale a dire frammenti di esperienza non ancora integrati in una rappresentazione simbolica coerente. L’indagine prende avvio dallo studio di un caso clinico in cui la presenza di una sintomatologia parzialmente responsiva alla terapia psicofarmacologica e di una richiesta continua di rassicurazione medica ha costituito l’occasione per interrogarsi sul legame, nella storia di vita della paziente, tra elementi traumatici, corpo e corporeità. L’analisi del caso ha offerto la possibilità di osservare come la difficoltà a creare nessi di senso tra gli eventi biografici e i vissuti emotivi possa tradursi in una sofferenza senza parola, e di riflettere su come tale sofferenza orienti la relazione terapeutica, la risposta farmacologica e le possibilità stesse di cura. Per affrontare tale tematica, la tesi adotta una prospettiva fenomenologico-strutturale e psicodinamica, integrando i contributi di Wilma Bucci sulla teoria del codice multiplo, di Thomas Fuchs sullo sviluppo dell’intersoggettività incarnata e di autori psicoanalitici come Jacques Lacan e Jean Bergeret sul ruolo strutturante dell’Altro e del linguaggio nella costituzione del Sé. Tale integrazione teorica consente di concepire la sofferenza psichica non come mero insieme di sintomi, ma come esito di una frattura del processo di simbolizzazione, nella quale il corpo diviene il luogo privilegiato di espressione di ciò che non può ancora essere detto o pensato. Il lavoro si articola in cinque capitoli. Dopo la presentazione del caso clinico, vengono esaminate le principali teorie sul processo di simbolizzazione e sullo sviluppo del rapporto tra corpo, affetto e linguaggio. Tali premesse teoriche consentono di riconsiderare, nel capitolo successivo, la vicenda clinica alla luce del concetto di “sintomo senza simbolo”, mettendo in luce il significato del dolore come espressione di una dissociazione dello schema emotivo. Infine, la parte conclusiva affronta le implicazioni metodologiche ed epistemologiche di questa prospettiva, proponendo un modello di lavoro psichiatrico che ponga la ricerca del senso come principio operativo, in grado di orientare tanto la diagnosi quanto l’intervento terapeutico, farmacologico e psicologico. In questa prospettiva, la ricerca del senso nell’esperienza psicopatologica non rappresenta un accessorio speculativo, ma costituisce un necessario strumento clinico: un modo per comprendere e trattare la sofferenza restituendole la possibilità di essere riconosciuta, rappresentata e condivisa all’interno della relazione terapeutica.
Dal sintomo al simbolo: difficoltà di simbolizzazione nella clinica psicosomatica. Un caso clinico.
PADULA, GABRIELE
2023/2024
Abstract
This work aims to investigate the relationship between psychological suffering, the body, and the process of symbolization, within a clinical framework integrating biological-psychiatric and experiential-psychological perspectives. Clinical practice frequently shows that, in many patients, distress manifests initially through the body and somatic symptoms rather than through language or mental representation. In these cases, the difficulty involves not only diagnosis and treatment choice, but the very possibility of attributing meaning to lived experience. Starting from this observation, the study explores the relationship between physical pain and the subject’s capacity to elaborate it symbolically, understood as the ability to transform bodily experience into a representable and communicable form. The guiding hypothesis is that certain forms of suffering—particularly those characterized by somatoform symptoms, pervasive anxiety, and obsessive ritualizations—may be understood as expressions of dissociated emotional schemas, that is, fragments of experience not yet integrated into a coherent symbolic representation. The investigation begins with the analysis of a clinical case in which a symptomatology only partially responsive to psychopharmacological treatment, along with persistent requests for medical reassurance, provided an opportunity to examine the links between trauma, body, and embodiment in the patient’s life history. The case highlights how difficulties in forming meaningful connections between biographical events and emotional experiences may result in a “speechless” suffering, and how such suffering shapes the therapeutic relationship, the pharmacological response, and the very possibilities of care. To address these themes, the thesis adopts a phenomenological-structural and psychodynamic perspective, integrating Wilma Bucci’s multiple code theory, Thomas Fuchs’ work on embodied intersubjectivity, and psychoanalytic contributions from Jacques Lacan and Jean Bergeret regarding the structuring role of the Other and of language in the formation of the Self. This theoretical integration allows for a conception of psychological suffering not as a mere set of symptoms, but as the outcome of a fracture in the symbolization process, in which the body becomes the privileged site of expression for what cannot yet be said or thought. The work is organized into five chapters. Following the clinical case presentation, the main theories on symbolization and on the development of the relationship between body, affect, and language are examined. These theoretical premises inform a re-reading of the clinical case in light of the notion of the “symptom without symbol,” highlighting pain as the expression of a dissociated emotional schema. Finally, the concluding section addresses the methodological and epistemological implications of this perspective, proposing a psychiatric model in which the search for meaning functions as a guiding operational principle for both diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, including pharmacological and psychological approaches. In this view, the search for meaning in psychopathological experience is not a speculative accessory, but an essential clinical tool: a way of understanding and treating suffering by restoring the possibility for it to be recognized, represented, and shared within the therapeutic relationship.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97080