Introduction: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) represent one of the main therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to their glucose-lowering and weight-reducing effects. However, evidence regarding their impact on resting metabolic rate and body composition in individuals with T2DM remains limited. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate changes in glycaemic control, resting energy expenditure, and body composition in a cohort of patients with T2DM treated with GLP-1RAs in real-world clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic of the University of Padua. Twenty-three patients were evaluated over a 6-month follow-up period (14 males, 9 females; mean age 74.2 ± 6.6 years; mean diabetes duration 13.7 ± 8.5 years). The variables analysed included anthropometric parameters, biochemical data (HbA1c, urinary urea nitrogen), body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and resting metabolic rate measured by indirect calorimetry. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using standardized functional tests. Results: At baseline, mean HbA1c was 7.9 ± 1.1%. Resting energy expenditure normalized for fat-free mass was 25.1 ± 4.3 kcal/kg/day. Body composition analysis showed a fat-free mass of 59.9 ± 9.8 kg and a fat mass of 23.3 ± 7.3 kg. After six months of GLP-1RA treatment, preliminary findings indicated improved glycaemic control, stable resting metabolic parameters, and preservation of lean mass, with no evidence of protein catabolism and maintained muscle strength. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that GLP-1RAs, in addition to improving glycaemic control, may favorably influence body composition by preserving lean mass and maintaining resting metabolic rate. Prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these observations and to better define the role of GLP-1RAs in modulating metabolism and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Introduzione: Gli agonisti del recettore del Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1RAs) rappresentano una delle principali opzioni terapeutiche per il diabete mellito di tipo 2 (DM2), grazie ai loro effetti ipoglicemizzanti e sul calo ponderale. Tuttavia, le evidenze riguardanti il loro impatto sul metabolismo basale e sulla composizione corporea negli anziani con DM2 restano limitate. Scopo di questo studio è stato valutare in modo preliminare le variazioni del controllo glicemico, del metabolismo energetico a riposo e della composizione corporea in una coorte di anziani trattati con GLP-1RAs in real-world practice. Materiali e Metodi: È stato condotto uno studio osservazionale retrospettivo presso l’Ambulatorio di Diabetologia dell’anziano dell’Università di Padova. Sono stati valutati 23 pazienti con follow-up a 6 mesi (14 maschi, 9 femmine; età media 74,2 ± 6,6 anni; durata media del DM2 13,7 ± 8,5 anni). Le variabili analizzate comprendevano parametri antropometrici, esami biochimici (HbA1c, azoto ureico urinario), composizione corporea mediante assorbimetria a raggi X a doppia energia (DEXA) e metabolismo basale tramite calorimetria indiretta. La forza muscolare e le performance fisiche sono state misurate con test standardizzati. Risultati: Al basale, l’HbA1c media era 7,9 ± 1,1%. Il metabolismo energetico a riposo, normalizzato per la massa magra, risultava pari a 25,1 ± 4,3 kcal/kg/die. L’analisi della composizione corporea mostrava una massa magra di 59,9 ± 9,8 kg e una massa grassa di 23,3 ± 7,3 kg. Dopo sei mesi di trattamento con GLP-1RAs, i dati preliminari hanno evidenziato un miglioramento del controllo glicemico, stabilità dei parametri di metabolismo basale e preservazione della massa magra, senza segni di catabolismo proteico e con forza muscolare conservata. Conclusioni: I risultati preliminari suggeriscono che i GLP-1RAs, oltre a migliorare il compenso glicemico, possano contribuire ad una migliore ripartizione della composizione corporea senza inficiare la massa magra e mantenendo il metabolismo basale pressoché invariato. Saranno necessari studi prospettici su campioni più ampi per confermare tali osservazioni e definire il ruolo dei GLP-1RAs nella composizione corporea e nel metabolismo nella popolazione diabetica anziana.
Agonisti del recettore del Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1): dati preliminari sul metabolismo a riposo e sulla composizione corporea in anziani con diabete mellito di tipo 2
DI MARZIO, BENEDETTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Introduction: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) represent one of the main therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to their glucose-lowering and weight-reducing effects. However, evidence regarding their impact on resting metabolic rate and body composition in individuals with T2DM remains limited. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate changes in glycaemic control, resting energy expenditure, and body composition in a cohort of patients with T2DM treated with GLP-1RAs in real-world clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Diabetes Clinic of the University of Padua. Twenty-three patients were evaluated over a 6-month follow-up period (14 males, 9 females; mean age 74.2 ± 6.6 years; mean diabetes duration 13.7 ± 8.5 years). The variables analysed included anthropometric parameters, biochemical data (HbA1c, urinary urea nitrogen), body composition assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), and resting metabolic rate measured by indirect calorimetry. Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated using standardized functional tests. Results: At baseline, mean HbA1c was 7.9 ± 1.1%. Resting energy expenditure normalized for fat-free mass was 25.1 ± 4.3 kcal/kg/day. Body composition analysis showed a fat-free mass of 59.9 ± 9.8 kg and a fat mass of 23.3 ± 7.3 kg. After six months of GLP-1RA treatment, preliminary findings indicated improved glycaemic control, stable resting metabolic parameters, and preservation of lean mass, with no evidence of protein catabolism and maintained muscle strength. Conclusions: These preliminary results suggest that GLP-1RAs, in addition to improving glycaemic control, may favorably influence body composition by preserving lean mass and maintaining resting metabolic rate. Prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these observations and to better define the role of GLP-1RAs in modulating metabolism and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97171