Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard technique for function evaluation and non-invasive tissue characterization of the myocardium. It is increasingly used in the management of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), especially those diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Despite CMR role in guiding and personalizing pharmacological treatments for rheumatic diseases, it is not routinely performed for cardiac involvement assessment in SLE patients, especially in cases of absent or subclinical symptoms, beings cardiac involvement generally considered uncommon according to the limited evidence available in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate CMR diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with SLE, in the real-world clinical setting of our Institute. Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated SLE patients consecutively referred to our center to perform CMR (Siemens Magnetom-Avanto Fit 1.5T) between November 2021 and September 2025, either at first diagnostic or during follow-up. CMR protocol included both conventional sequences (cineSSFP for function, TIRM T2 for edema, T1w fast GRE for perfusion, and PSIR for late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and advanced techniques (cineSSFP for strain analysis, T1 mapping and extracellular volume [ECV] by MOLLI sequences, and T2 mapping by T2p-SSFP sequences). Clinical and instrumental data were also collected at CMR and during follow-up. The relationship between CMR and clinical/instrumental findings was investigated. To assess the normality of the variables, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. To compare continuous variables, the T or Mann-Whitney test was used and for categorical variables, the χ² or McNemar test was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 15 SLE patients were included (11 females, mean age 42.916.7 years old). In eight out of fifteen patients (53%), the clinical indication turned out to be in agreement with CMR findings, nonetheless, in 7 patients CMR provided additional information or allowed to discharge clinical suspect. Six patients had pathological findings at echocardiography, compared to eleven with CMR pathological findings (p=0.906). The presence of positive disease-specific Antibodies (n=13, 87%) did not show significant correlation with CMR parameters (p>0.005). Thirteen (87%) and eight (53%) patients respectively showed myocardial or pericardial involvement at CMR, among these, three with myo-pericarditis. Regarding edema, modern-day T2 mapping techniques were positive in eleven cases, while 4 cases were positive in TIRM T2 non-parametric sequences (p=0.159). Prognostic data are going to be evaluated. Conclusions: Our preliminary results show high CMR sensitivity in detecting myo-pericardial involvement in SLE patients, and low agreement with other clinical/instrumental available tools. This confirms that SLE, similarly to systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune connective tissue diseases, is frequently associated with myocardial involvement, with a potential progression that requires constant monitoring. Based on our data, advanced CMR appears to be an effective non-invasive method for SLE patients evaluation, allowing the identification of early cardiac involvement, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, for improving clinical management and guiding tailored therapy. Further analyses, on larger populations and with longer follow-up are recommended.
La Risonanza Magnetica Cardiovascolare (CMR) rappresenta la tecnica di riferimento (“gold standard”) per la valutazione della funzione e la caratterizzazione non invasiva del tessuto miocardico. Viene utilizzata sempre più frequentemente nella gestione dei pazienti con malattie reumatiche autoimmuni (ARDs), in particolare nei soggetti con diagnosi di sclerosi sistemica (SSc). Nonostante il ruolo della CMR nel guidare e personalizzare i trattamenti farmacologici delle malattie reumatiche, essa non viene eseguita di routine per la valutazione del coinvolgimento cardiaco nei pazienti con LES, soprattutto nei casi privi di sintomi o con sintomatologia subclinica, poiché il coinvolgimento cardiaco viene generalmente considerato raro sulla base delle limitate evidenze disponibili in letteratura. Scopo di questo studio è stato valutare il valore diagnostico e prognostico della CMR nei pazienti con LES, nel contesto clinico reale del nostro Istituto. Materiali e metodi Abbiamo valutato prospetticamente pazienti con LES inviati consecutivamente al nostro centro per eseguire CMR (Siemens Magnetom-Avanto Fit 1.5T) tra novembre 2021 e settembre 2025, sia alla prima diagnosi sia durante il follow-up. Il protocollo CMR ha incluso sia sequenze convenzionali (cineSSFP per la funzione, TIRM T2 per l’edema, T1w fast GRE per la perfusione, e PSIR per il late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) sia tecniche avanzate (cineSSFP per l’analisi dello strain, T1 mapping e volume extracellulare [ECV] con sequenze MOLLI, e T2 mapping con sequenze T2p-SSFP). Sono stati inoltre raccolti dati clinici e strumentali al momento della CMR e durante il follow-up. È stata indagata la relazione tra i reperti CMR e i dati clinici/strumentali. Per valutare la normalità delle variabili è stato utilizzato il test di Shapiro-Wilk. Per confrontare le variabili continue sono stati impiegati il test T o il test di Mann-Whitney, mentre per le variabili categoriche il test χ² o il test di McNemar. Un valore di p<0,05 è stato considerato statisticamente significativo. Risultati Sono stati inclusi 15 pazienti con LES (11 donne, età media 42,9±16,7 anni). In 8 pazienti su 15 (53%) l’indicazione clinica si è rivelata concorde con i reperti CMR; tuttavia, in 7 pazienti la CMR ha fornito informazioni aggiuntive o ha permesso di escludere un sospetto clinico. Sei pazienti presentavano reperti patologici all’ecocardiografia, contro 11 con reperti patologici alla CMR (p=0,906). La presenza di anticorpi specifici di malattia (n=13, 87%) non ha mostrato correlazione significativa con i parametri CMR (p>0,005). Tredici pazienti (87%) e otto pazienti (53%) hanno mostrato rispettivamente un coinvolgimento miocardico o pericardico alla CMR, tra cui tre casi di mio-pericardite. Per quanto riguarda l’edema, le moderne tecniche di T2 mapping sono risultate positive in 11 casi, mentre 4 casi sono risultati positivi con le sequenze non parametriche TIRM T2 (p=0,159). I dati prognostici sono in corso di valutazione. Conclusioni I nostri risultati preliminari mostrano un’elevata sensibilità della CMR nel rilevare il coinvolgimento mio-pericardico nei pazienti con LES e una bassa concordanza con gli altri strumenti clinici/strumentali disponibili. Ciò conferma che il LES, similmente alla sclerosi sistemica e ad altre malattie autoimmuni del tessuto connettivo, è frequentemente associato a coinvolgimento miocardico, con un potenziale decorso progressivo che richiede monitoraggio costante. Sulla base dei nostri dati, le tecniche avanzate di CMR si confermano un metodo non invasivo efficace per la valutazione dei pazienti con LES, consentendo di identificare precocemente il coinvolgimento cardiaco, anche in assenza di sintomi clinici, al fine di migliorare la gestione clinica e guidare terapie personalizzate. Sono raccomandate ulteriori analisi su popolazioni più ampie e con follow-up più lungo.
Early assessment and management of Systemic Lupus Erithematosus patients by advanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
MARGHERI, DAVIDE
2023/2024
Abstract
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) is the gold standard technique for function evaluation and non-invasive tissue characterization of the myocardium. It is increasingly used in the management of patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), especially those diagnosed with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Despite CMR role in guiding and personalizing pharmacological treatments for rheumatic diseases, it is not routinely performed for cardiac involvement assessment in SLE patients, especially in cases of absent or subclinical symptoms, beings cardiac involvement generally considered uncommon according to the limited evidence available in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate CMR diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with SLE, in the real-world clinical setting of our Institute. Materials and methods: We prospectively evaluated SLE patients consecutively referred to our center to perform CMR (Siemens Magnetom-Avanto Fit 1.5T) between November 2021 and September 2025, either at first diagnostic or during follow-up. CMR protocol included both conventional sequences (cineSSFP for function, TIRM T2 for edema, T1w fast GRE for perfusion, and PSIR for late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) and advanced techniques (cineSSFP for strain analysis, T1 mapping and extracellular volume [ECV] by MOLLI sequences, and T2 mapping by T2p-SSFP sequences). Clinical and instrumental data were also collected at CMR and during follow-up. The relationship between CMR and clinical/instrumental findings was investigated. To assess the normality of the variables, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used. To compare continuous variables, the T or Mann-Whitney test was used and for categorical variables, the χ² or McNemar test was used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 15 SLE patients were included (11 females, mean age 42.916.7 years old). In eight out of fifteen patients (53%), the clinical indication turned out to be in agreement with CMR findings, nonetheless, in 7 patients CMR provided additional information or allowed to discharge clinical suspect. Six patients had pathological findings at echocardiography, compared to eleven with CMR pathological findings (p=0.906). The presence of positive disease-specific Antibodies (n=13, 87%) did not show significant correlation with CMR parameters (p>0.005). Thirteen (87%) and eight (53%) patients respectively showed myocardial or pericardial involvement at CMR, among these, three with myo-pericarditis. Regarding edema, modern-day T2 mapping techniques were positive in eleven cases, while 4 cases were positive in TIRM T2 non-parametric sequences (p=0.159). Prognostic data are going to be evaluated. Conclusions: Our preliminary results show high CMR sensitivity in detecting myo-pericardial involvement in SLE patients, and low agreement with other clinical/instrumental available tools. This confirms that SLE, similarly to systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune connective tissue diseases, is frequently associated with myocardial involvement, with a potential progression that requires constant monitoring. Based on our data, advanced CMR appears to be an effective non-invasive method for SLE patients evaluation, allowing the identification of early cardiac involvement, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, for improving clinical management and guiding tailored therapy. Further analyses, on larger populations and with longer follow-up are recommended.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
TESI_Margheri_07112025.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
2.89 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.89 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97584