Background: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) produces heterogeneous canal- and otolith-level deficits. A multimodal, frequency-specific assessment that combines six-canal video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), caloric testing (CalT), ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), and videonystagmography (VNG) may better characterise pre- and postoperative vestibular status, yet its relationship with symptoms remains uncertain. Objectives: (i) To describe the role of six-canal vHIT within a standardized vestibular battery in VS; (ii) to compare pre- versus postoperative vHIT metrics; (iii) to examine associations between objective vestibular measures (vHIT, CalT, VEMPs, VNG) and patient-reported dizziness (DHI), including temporal evolution after surgery. Methods: single-center retrospective study (Padua, October 2022–June 2025) including 29 patients undergoing microsurgical tumour exeresis. The institutional protocol consisted of six-canal vHIT, bithermal CalT, c/oVEMPs, VNG, and DHI, performed before and ~6.1 months postoperatively. Results: mean age 54.7±7.6 years; mean CPA diameter 14.3±7.8 mm; extrameatal tumours 65.5%. Preoperatively, DHI 22.6±19.6; abnormal CalT 80%; abnormal cVEMPs 62% and oVEMPs 48%. vHIT showed modest gain reductions (ASC 0.85±0.33; LSC 0.79±0.29; PSC 0.78±0.32) with frequent corrective saccades (PSC 64%, LSC 75%). Postoperatively, DHI 30.6±21.4 with a non-significant median change; nystagmus detected in 82.8%. Ipsilateral vHIT gains decreased markedly: HL shift ASC −0.27 [−0.36, −0.18], p<0.001, r=−0.65; LSC −0.24 [−0.32, −0.16], p<0.001, r=−0.62; PSC −0.19 [−0.28, −0.10], p<0.001, r=−0.56. Corrective saccades increased (ASC 32.1%→75.9%, p=0.007; PSC 64.3%→86.2%, p=0.039), whereas LSC did not reach significance. A subset exhibited residual canal function, most commonly in ASC (normal 24.1%, partial 41.4%). Contralateral measures were largely normal. No significant recovery trend of Δgain was observed up to ~6 months. Postoperative gains did not differ between symptomatic (n=16) and asymptomatic (n=13) patients across canals (p≥0.357). Conclusions: after VS surgery, six-canal vHIT reveals a consistent ipsilateral Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) decline with increased corrective saccades; however, dizziness burden does not worsen significantly and nearly half of patients remain asymptomatic, underscoring dissociation between peripheral deficits and perceived handicap—likely reflecting heterogeneous central compensation. Residual or partial canal function, more frequent in ASC, did not translate into symptom differences within the early-term interval. Findings support preoperative counselling that anticipates substantial canal loss, and endorse integrated, frequency-specific vestibular testing (vHIT, CalT, VEMPs) to guide follow-up and rehabilitation.
Introduzione: Lo schwannoma vestibolare (VS) determina deficit eterogenei a livello dei canali semicircolari e degli otoliti. Una valutazione multimodale e specifica per frequenza, che combini il video Head Impulse Test a sei canali (vHIT), la stimolazione calorica (CalT), i potenziali evocati miogenici vestibolari oculari e cervicali (VEMP) e la videonistagmografia (VNG), può caratterizzare in modo più accurato lo stato vestibolare pre- e postoperatorio; tuttavia, la relazione di tali misure con i sintomi clinici rimane incerta. Obiettivi: (i) Descrivere il ruolo del vHIT a sei canali all’interno di una batteria standardizzata di test vestibolari nel VS; (ii) confrontare i parametri vHIT pre- e postoperatori; (iii) esaminare le associazioni tra le misure vestibolari oggettive (vHIT, CalT, VEMP, VNG) e i sintomi riferiti dai pazienti (Dizziness Handicap Inventory, DHI), inclusa la sua evoluzione temporale dopo l’intervento. Metodi: Studio retrospettivo monocentrico (Padova, ottobre 2022–giugno 2025) comprendente 29 pazienti sottoposti a exeresi microchirurgica del tumore. Il protocollo istituzionale prevedeva l’esecuzione di vHIT a sei canali, test calorico bithermico, c/oVEMP, VNG e DHI, effettuati in fase preoperatoria e a circa 6,1 mesi dall’intervento. Risultati: Età media 54,7 ± 7,6 anni; diametro medio della lesione in fossa cranica posteriore 14,3 ± 7,8 mm; tumori extrameatali 65,5%. In fase preoperatoria, DHI 22,6 ± 19,6; CalT alterato nell’80%; cVEMP alterati nel 62% e oVEMP nel 48%. Il vHIT mostrava riduzioni modeste del gain (ASC 0,85 ± 0,33; LSC 0,79 ± 0,29; PSC 0,78 ± 0,32) con frequenti saccadi correttive (PSC 64%, LSC 75%). Dopo l’intervento, DHI 30,6 ± 21,4 senza variazioni mediane significative; nistagmo rilevato nell’82,8%. I gain vHIT ipsilaterali si riducevano marcatamente: variazione HL ASC −0,27 [−0,36, −0,18], p<0,001, r=−0,65; LSC −0,24 [−0,32, −0,16], p<0,001, r=−0,62; PSC −0,19 [−0,28, −0,10], p<0,001, r=−0,56. Le saccadi correttive aumentavano (ASC 32,1%→75,9%, p=0,007; PSC 64,3%→86,2%, p=0,039), mentre la variazione LSC non raggiungeva la significatività statistica. Un sottogruppo presentava funzione canalare residua, più frequentemente nell’ASC (normale 24,1%, parziale 41,4%). Le misure controlaterali risultavano per lo più nella norma. Non si osservava un trend di recupero significativo del Δgain fino a circa 6 mesi. I gain postoperatori non differivano tra pazienti sintomatici (n=16) e asintomatici (n=13) in nessuno dei canali (p≥0,357). Conclusioni: Dopo chirurgia per VS, il vHIT a sei canali evidenzia un consistente declino del riflesso vestibolo-oculare (VOR) ipsilaterale con incremento delle saccadi correttive; tuttavia, il peso della sintomatologia vertiginosa non peggiora in modo significativo e quasi la metà dei pazienti rimane asintomatica, evidenziando una dissociazione tra deficit periferico e percezione soggettiva del disturbo — verosimilmente dovuta a un compenso centrale eterogeneo. La funzione canalare residua o parziale, più frequente nell’ASC, non si associava a differenze sintomatologiche nel breve termine. I risultati supportano un counselling preoperatorio che prepari a una sostanziale perdita canalare e confermano il valore di una valutazione vestibolare integrata e specifica per frequenza (vHIT, CalT, VEMP) per guidare follow-up e riabilitazione.
The vestibular assessment in the postoperative analysis of Vestibular Schwannoma patients
DI PASQUALE FIASCA, VALERIO MARIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) produces heterogeneous canal- and otolith-level deficits. A multimodal, frequency-specific assessment that combines six-canal video Head Impulse Test (vHIT), caloric testing (CalT), ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), and videonystagmography (VNG) may better characterise pre- and postoperative vestibular status, yet its relationship with symptoms remains uncertain. Objectives: (i) To describe the role of six-canal vHIT within a standardized vestibular battery in VS; (ii) to compare pre- versus postoperative vHIT metrics; (iii) to examine associations between objective vestibular measures (vHIT, CalT, VEMPs, VNG) and patient-reported dizziness (DHI), including temporal evolution after surgery. Methods: single-center retrospective study (Padua, October 2022–June 2025) including 29 patients undergoing microsurgical tumour exeresis. The institutional protocol consisted of six-canal vHIT, bithermal CalT, c/oVEMPs, VNG, and DHI, performed before and ~6.1 months postoperatively. Results: mean age 54.7±7.6 years; mean CPA diameter 14.3±7.8 mm; extrameatal tumours 65.5%. Preoperatively, DHI 22.6±19.6; abnormal CalT 80%; abnormal cVEMPs 62% and oVEMPs 48%. vHIT showed modest gain reductions (ASC 0.85±0.33; LSC 0.79±0.29; PSC 0.78±0.32) with frequent corrective saccades (PSC 64%, LSC 75%). Postoperatively, DHI 30.6±21.4 with a non-significant median change; nystagmus detected in 82.8%. Ipsilateral vHIT gains decreased markedly: HL shift ASC −0.27 [−0.36, −0.18], p<0.001, r=−0.65; LSC −0.24 [−0.32, −0.16], p<0.001, r=−0.62; PSC −0.19 [−0.28, −0.10], p<0.001, r=−0.56. Corrective saccades increased (ASC 32.1%→75.9%, p=0.007; PSC 64.3%→86.2%, p=0.039), whereas LSC did not reach significance. A subset exhibited residual canal function, most commonly in ASC (normal 24.1%, partial 41.4%). Contralateral measures were largely normal. No significant recovery trend of Δgain was observed up to ~6 months. Postoperative gains did not differ between symptomatic (n=16) and asymptomatic (n=13) patients across canals (p≥0.357). Conclusions: after VS surgery, six-canal vHIT reveals a consistent ipsilateral Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) decline with increased corrective saccades; however, dizziness burden does not worsen significantly and nearly half of patients remain asymptomatic, underscoring dissociation between peripheral deficits and perceived handicap—likely reflecting heterogeneous central compensation. Residual or partial canal function, more frequent in ASC, did not translate into symptom differences within the early-term interval. Findings support preoperative counselling that anticipates substantial canal loss, and endorse integrated, frequency-specific vestibular testing (vHIT, CalT, VEMPs) to guide follow-up and rehabilitation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97832