Epilepsy is defined as a pathological condition of the central nervous system, characterised by a persistent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures. According to the International League Against Epilepsy's (ILAE) 2005 definition, an epileptic seizure is defined as a transient event characterized by the appearance of clinical signs and/or symptoms resulting from abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is amongst the most prevalent neurological disorders on a global scale, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 650 cases per 100,000 individuals. This group of conditions is characterised by heterogeneity, with variable clinical characteristics and prognoses. Furthermore, it is associated with a range of neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. From a pathological perspective, five recognized etiological groups have been identified: structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic and autoimmune. However, in some cases, the underlying cause remains unknown. It is important to note that these groups are not mutually exclusive, and a patient's epilepsy can be classified into multiple categories.In recent years, advances in scientific research have significantly improved our understanding and therapeutic management of the disease, allowing many patients to enjoy a better quality of life. In particular, for epilepsies of genetic etiology, the introduction and constant improvement of massive parallel sequencing methodologies, namely Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), have increased diagnostic capabilities, offering new perspectives for identifying the molecular basis of the disease. In the present retrospective study, a cohort of patients with a clinical diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of epilepsy was analysed. The patients had undergone an NGS molecular investigation at the laboratory of the Medical Genetics and Clinical Epidemiology Service at the A.O.U.P.D. between 2019 and 2025. The molecular investigation comprised a panel of genes known to be associated with the epileptic condition, as well as Whole Exon Sequencing (WES) analysis in trios. The objective of the present study is to investigate the genetic basis of epilepsy in this cohort of patients by analysing the molecular data collected and reevaluating it in light of new developments in the scientific literature. The ultimate aim is to determine the detection rate of the methods used and to contribute to the assessment of their effectiveness in clinical practice when treating patients with epilepsy.
L'epilessia è una condizione patologica del Sistema nervoso centrale, caratterizzata da una persistente predisposizione dell'encefalo a generare crisi epilettiche. Secondo la definizione della International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) del 2005, una crisi epilettica è un evento transitorio contraddistinto dalla comparsa di segni e/o sintomi clinici, conseguente a un'attività neuronale anomala, eccessiva o sincrona a livello cerebrale. Con una prevalenza stimata di circa 650 casi ogni 100.000 individui, rappresenta uno dei disturbi neurologici più diffusi a livello globale.Le epilessie costituiscono un gruppo eterogeneo di condizioni con caratteristiche cliniche e prognosi variabili ed associate a diverse conseguenze neurobiologiche, cognitive, psicologiche e sociali. Dal punto di vista della patogenesi, sono riconosciuti cinque gruppi eziologici (strutturale, genetico, infettivo, metabolico, autoimmune), ma in alcuni casi la causa rimane ancora sconosciuta, tali gruppi non sono esclusivi e l'epilessia di un paziente può essere classificata in più categorie.Negli ultimi anni, l'avanzamento della ricerca scientifica ha significativamente migliorato la comprensione e la gestione terapeutica della patologia, consentendo a molti pazienti una migliore qualità di vita. In particolare per, le epilessie ad eziologia genetica, l'introduzione ed il costante miglioramento delle metodologie di sequenziamento massivo parallelo, ovvero il Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), hanno incrementato le capacità diagnostiche, offrendo nuove prospettive per l'identificazione delle basi molecolari della malattia. Nel nostro studio retrospettivo, abbiamo analizzato una coorte di pazienti con diagnosi clinica o sospetto diagnostico di epilessia, in cui è stata eseguita presso il laboratorio del nostro Servizio di Genetica Medica ed Epidemiologia Clinica dell'A.O.U.P.D, tra il 2019 e il 2025, un'indagine molecolare NGS su un pannello di geni noti per la loro associazione con la condizione epilettica e/o l'analisi Whole Exon Sequencing (WES) in trio.Obiettivo dello studio è l'approfondimento delle basi genetiche delle epilessie in questa coorte di pazienti mediante l'analisi dei dati molecolari raccolti e la loro rivalutazione alla luce delle novità presenti in letteratura scientifica, al fine di determinare il tasso di rilevamento (detection rate) delle metodiche utilizzate e contribuire alla valutazione della loro efficacia nella pratica clinica quando ci si approccia a pazienti affetti da epilessia.
Caratterizzazione genetica molecolare di una coorte di pazienti affetti da epilessia: studio retrospettivo monocentrico presso l'U.O.C. Genetica Medica ed Epidemiologia Clinica dell'Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova
SHKOZA, ELONA
2023/2024
Abstract
Epilepsy is defined as a pathological condition of the central nervous system, characterised by a persistent predisposition of the brain to generate epileptic seizures. According to the International League Against Epilepsy's (ILAE) 2005 definition, an epileptic seizure is defined as a transient event characterized by the appearance of clinical signs and/or symptoms resulting from abnormal, excessive, or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy is amongst the most prevalent neurological disorders on a global scale, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 650 cases per 100,000 individuals. This group of conditions is characterised by heterogeneity, with variable clinical characteristics and prognoses. Furthermore, it is associated with a range of neurobiological, cognitive, psychological and social consequences. From a pathological perspective, five recognized etiological groups have been identified: structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic and autoimmune. However, in some cases, the underlying cause remains unknown. It is important to note that these groups are not mutually exclusive, and a patient's epilepsy can be classified into multiple categories.In recent years, advances in scientific research have significantly improved our understanding and therapeutic management of the disease, allowing many patients to enjoy a better quality of life. In particular, for epilepsies of genetic etiology, the introduction and constant improvement of massive parallel sequencing methodologies, namely Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), have increased diagnostic capabilities, offering new perspectives for identifying the molecular basis of the disease. In the present retrospective study, a cohort of patients with a clinical diagnosis or suspected diagnosis of epilepsy was analysed. The patients had undergone an NGS molecular investigation at the laboratory of the Medical Genetics and Clinical Epidemiology Service at the A.O.U.P.D. between 2019 and 2025. The molecular investigation comprised a panel of genes known to be associated with the epileptic condition, as well as Whole Exon Sequencing (WES) analysis in trios. The objective of the present study is to investigate the genetic basis of epilepsy in this cohort of patients by analysing the molecular data collected and reevaluating it in light of new developments in the scientific literature. The ultimate aim is to determine the detection rate of the methods used and to contribute to the assessment of their effectiveness in clinical practice when treating patients with epilepsy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/97894