Skin wounds remain a significant clinical challenge, especially in the presence of resistant infections, chronic diseases and complex lesions that require dressings capable of supporting tissue regeneration and locally releasing active ingredients with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this context, the thesis work presented focused on the design, synthesis and characterisation of biodegradable bio-nanocomposite films based on pea protein isolate (PPI), containing nanoparticles (NPs) of curcumin and oregano essential oil (CuOEO-NPs), with potential application as advanced dressings for skin lesions. The NPs produced demonstrated ideal properties in terms of stability, monodispersion (Z-size 175.3 ± 5.1 nm; PDI 0.17 ± 0.02; Z-potential −36.8 mV) and high curcumin encapsulation efficiency (≈ 86%). Subsequently, various treatments were analysed to optimise the film-forming characteristics of PPI, highlighting how high-pressure homogenisation at 500 bar, combined with heat treatment, significantly increases protein solubility and decreases particle size, making the PPI 500 D sample the best for film production. CuOEO-NPs were incorporated into PPI 500 D films at two concentrations (3% and 6% w/w). The resulting films exhibited a uniform appearance, improved hydrophilicity, greater swelling capacity and increased WVTR compared to the control sample, all of which are beneficial characteristics for the management of wounds with moderate exudate. The inclusion of NPs also enhanced the mechanical properties of the material, offering greater structural stability. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on WI38 fibroblasts revealed a partial reduction in the toxic effects of NPs after incorporation into the film-forming matrix, but highlighted the need to further improve the inclusion protocol to ensure complete biocompatibility. In summary, the results show that the Film 3% formulation is the most balanced solution in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The bio-nanocomposite films developed show promising potential as advanced biodegradable dressings for wound care.
Le ferite cutanee costituiscono una sfida clinica tuttora importante, specialmente in presenza di infezioni resistenti, malattie croniche e lesioni complesse che necessitano di medicazioni in grado di supportare la rigenerazione tissutale e rilasciare localmente principi attivi con proprietà antimicrobiche e antinfiammatorie. In questo contesto, il lavoro di tesi presentato si è focalizzato sulla progettazione, sintesi e caratterizzazione di film bio-nanocompositi biodegradabili a base di isolato proteico di pisello (PPI), contenenti nanoparticelle (NPs) di curcumina e olio essenziale di origano (CuOEO-NPs), con potenziale applicazione come bendaggio avanzato per lesioni cutanee. Le NPs prodotte hanno dimostrato proprietà ideali riguardo a stabilità, monodispersione (Z-size 175.3 ± 5.1 nm; PDI 0.17 ± 0.02; Z-potential −36.8 mV) e alta efficienza di incapsulazione della curcumina (≈ 86%). Successivamente, sono stati analizzati vari trattamenti per ottimizzare le caratteristiche filmogene del PPI, sottolineando come l’omogeneizzazione ad alta pressione a 500 bar, unita a un trattamento termico, aumenti notevolmente la solubilità proteica e diminuisca le dimensioni delle particelle, rendendo il campione PPI 500 D il migliore per la produzione dei film. Le CuOEO-NPs sono state integrate nei film PPI 500 D a due concentrazioni (3% e 6% p/p). I film ottenuti hanno rivelato un aspetto uniforme, una migliorata idrofilia, una maggior capacità di rigonfiamento e un aumento del WVTR rispetto al campione di controllo, tutte caratteristiche positive per la gestione delle ferite con essudato moderato. L'inserimento delle NPs ha anche potenziato i moduli meccanici del materiale, offrendo maggiore stabilità strutturale. Le prove di citotossicità in vitro sui fibroblasti WI38 hanno rivelato una parziale riduzione degli effetti tossici delle NPs dopo l'incorporazione nella matrice filmogena, sottolineando però l'esigenza di migliorare ulteriormente il protocollo di inclusione per assicurare una completa biocompatibilità. In sintesi, i risultati mostrano che la formulazione Film 3% costituisce la soluzione più equilibrata per quanto riguarda le proprietà fisico-chimiche, meccaniche e biologiche. I film bio-nanocompositi sviluppati rivelano un potenziale promettente come medicazioni biodegradabili avanzate per la cura delle ferite.
Sviluppo di film biodegradabili per il wound dressing funzionalizzati con curcumina e olio essenziale di origano
CAPPELLARO, ALBERTO
2024/2025
Abstract
Skin wounds remain a significant clinical challenge, especially in the presence of resistant infections, chronic diseases and complex lesions that require dressings capable of supporting tissue regeneration and locally releasing active ingredients with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. In this context, the thesis work presented focused on the design, synthesis and characterisation of biodegradable bio-nanocomposite films based on pea protein isolate (PPI), containing nanoparticles (NPs) of curcumin and oregano essential oil (CuOEO-NPs), with potential application as advanced dressings for skin lesions. The NPs produced demonstrated ideal properties in terms of stability, monodispersion (Z-size 175.3 ± 5.1 nm; PDI 0.17 ± 0.02; Z-potential −36.8 mV) and high curcumin encapsulation efficiency (≈ 86%). Subsequently, various treatments were analysed to optimise the film-forming characteristics of PPI, highlighting how high-pressure homogenisation at 500 bar, combined with heat treatment, significantly increases protein solubility and decreases particle size, making the PPI 500 D sample the best for film production. CuOEO-NPs were incorporated into PPI 500 D films at two concentrations (3% and 6% w/w). The resulting films exhibited a uniform appearance, improved hydrophilicity, greater swelling capacity and increased WVTR compared to the control sample, all of which are beneficial characteristics for the management of wounds with moderate exudate. The inclusion of NPs also enhanced the mechanical properties of the material, offering greater structural stability. In vitro cytotoxicity tests on WI38 fibroblasts revealed a partial reduction in the toxic effects of NPs after incorporation into the film-forming matrix, but highlighted the need to further improve the inclusion protocol to ensure complete biocompatibility. In summary, the results show that the Film 3% formulation is the most balanced solution in terms of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties. The bio-nanocomposite films developed show promising potential as advanced biodegradable dressings for wound care.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98073