Background: Violence against healthcare workers (HWs) represents a significant and growing psychosocial risk, with serious consequences for both individual well-being and the organization of services. Often underestimated due to underreporting, this phenomenon is internationally recognized as a threat to dignity and workplace safety. ILO Convention No. 190/2019 assigns employers the responsibility to manage this risk through risk assessment and preventive measures. In Italy, as early as 2007, the Ministry of Health’s Recommendation No. 8 outlined specific measures to prevent acts of violence against healthcare workers, emphasizing training, reporting, and implementation of organizational protocols. Aim of the study: To analyse the phenomenon of aggression against HWs at the University Hospital of Padua (AOUP) over the five-year period 2020-2024, describing its trends and characteristics. The study also aimed to experimentally apply a risk assessment method in selected hospital units (UUs) as a preparatory phase for broader evaluation and implementation of risk reduction measures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on reports of patient aggression against HWs during 2020-2024, using the Incident Reporting system. Additionally, a risk assessment was performed in selected UUs using an experimental method based on injury severity (G), time spent in contact with patients (P), and type of work environment (W1 and W2), resulting in a Risk Index: RAGGR = G × P × (W1 × W2). To address potential underestimation of physical aggression events compared to formal reports, a correction factor (FC) was applied, reflecting all physical aggression reports recorded via Incident Reporting. Results: A total of 721 aggression incidents were reported between 2020 and 2024, with a progressive increase over the years: 61 in 2020, 70 in 2021, 111 in 2022, 255 in 2023, and 224 in 2024. The reporting rate shows a marked increase starting in 2022, rising from 9.791‰ in 2020 to 38.07‰ in 2023. Statistical analysis showed that the risk of aggression in the 2022-2024 period was significantly higher than in 2020 (p<0.001). The most affected areas were Emergency Department (27,8%), Psychiatry (23,9%), and surgical specialties (21,7%). Violence was exclusively verbal in 62,1% of cases, both verbal and physical in 28,7%, and exclusively physical in 9,2%. Healthcare professionals were involved in 74% of incidents, with a female prevalence of 68,8%, although reporting rates were higher among males. In 78% of cases, the HW was working in pairs, and most incidents occurred during peak hours (9:00-12:00), mainly in patient rooms (25,9%) and corridors (34,1%). In 66,2% of cases, the aggressor was male, and in 58,9%, the HWs involved judged the event non-preventable. The assessed units showed a medium-high risk of physical aggression. Conclusions: The five-year analysis revealed a steady increase in reported incidents, partly attributable to greater awareness among HWs following AOUP’s prevention and management initiatives, including staff training and dissemination of operational procedures. The risk assessment method does not account for verbal aggression, the most prevalent form at AOUP; nevertheless, it allows identification of key vulnerabilities, determination of risk levels, and prioritization of interventions for risk reduction and control.
Presupposti: La violenza nei confronti degli Operatori Sanitari (OS) rappresenta un rischio psicosociale rilevante e in crescita, con conseguenze significative sul benessere individuale e sull’organizzazione dei servizi. Il fenomeno, spesso sottostimato a causa della sottonotifica, è riconosciuto a livello internazionale come una minaccia alla dignità e alla sicurezza sul lavoro. La Convenzione ILO n. 190/2019 affida ai datori di lavoro la gestione del rischio, attraverso la valutazione dei rischi e l’adozione di misure preventive. La Raccomandazione n. 8/2007 del Ministero della Salute aveva indicato misure specifiche per la prevenzione degli atti di violenza a danno degli OS, sottolineando l’importanza della formazione, della segnalazione e dell’adozione di protocolli organizzativi. Scopo: Analizzare il fenomeno delle aggressioni a carico degli OS dell'Azienda Ospedale Università Padova (AOUP) nel quinquennio 2020-2024, al fine di descriverne l’andamento e le caratteristiche. Inoltre, applicare, in via sperimentale, un metodo di valutazione del rischio in alcune Unità Operative (UUOO), come fase propedeutica ad una valutazione estesa e all’implementazione delle misure di riduzione del rischio. Metodi: È stata effettuata un’analisi retrospettiva delle segnalazioni di aggressione compiute dall’utenza nei confronti degli OS nel periodo 2020-2024, rilevate mediante la scheda di Incident Reporting. Inoltre, è stata condotta una valutazione del rischio di aggressione in alcune UUOO, attraverso l’applicazione di un metodo sperimentale che prende in considerazione la gravità degli infortuni (G), il tempo trascorso a contatto con l’utenza (P) e la tipologia degli ambienti di lavoro (W1 e W2), con calcolo finale di un Indice di Rischio RAGGR=GxP(W1xW2). A questo, al fine di sopperire ad una possibile sottostima degli eventi di aggressione fisica effettivamente accaduti rispetto a quelli denunciati, è stato aggiunto un fattore di correzione (FC) indicativo di tutte le segnalazioni di aggressione fisica pervenute da Incident Reporting. Risultati: Nel quinquennio 2020-2024 sono state segnalate 721 aggressioni, con un incremento progressivo negli anni: 61 nel 2020, 70 nel 2021, 111 nel 2022, 255 nel 2023 e 224 nel 2024. Il tasso di segnalazione mostra una crescita marcata dal 2022, passando da 9,791‰ nel 2020 a 38,07‰ nel 2023. L’analisi statistica evidenzia un rischio aggressione per il triennio 2022-2024 significativamente superiore a quello del 2020 (p<0,001). Le aree più colpite sono risultate quelle di Pronto Soccorso (27,8%), Psichiatria (23,9%) e specialità chirurgiche (21,7%). Nel 62,1% dei casi la violenza è stata esclusivamente verbale, nel 28,7% sia verbale che fisica, e nel 9,2% esclusivamente fisica. Il 74% delle aggressioni ha coinvolto personale delle professioni sanitarie, con una prevalenza femminile del 68,8% ma un tasso di segnalazione maggiore nei maschi. Nel 78% dei casi l’OS stava lavorando in coppia e il maggior numero di aggressioni si è verificato nella fascia oraria centrale (9:00-12:00), prevalentemente nelle stanze di degenza (25,9%) e nei corridoi (34,1%). Nel 66,2% dei casi l’aggressore era di sesso maschile e nel 58,9%, a giudizio degli OS coinvolti, l’evento non era prevenibile. Le UUOO oggetto di valutazione del rischio hanno evidenziato nel complesso un rischio di aggressione fisica medio-alto. Conclusioni: Nel quinquennio analizzato si è assistito ad un progressivo aumento delle segnalazioni, attribuibile anche alla maggiore sensibilità degli OS in relazione al piano di azioni di prevenzione e gestione avviato da AOUP con corsi di formazione degli OS e con la condivisione di specifiche procedure operative. Il metodo di valutazione utilizzato presenta il limite di non considerare le aggressioni verbali, tipologia prevalente in AOUP. Tuttavia, permette di identificare le principali criticità, stimare un livello di rischio e le priorità di intervento.
Violenza contro l'Operatore Sanitario: analisi quinquennale del fenomeno, sperimentazione di un metodo di valutazione del rischio e strategie di prevenzione nell'Azienda Ospedale Università Padova
BATTISTELLA, MONICA
2023/2024
Abstract
Background: Violence against healthcare workers (HWs) represents a significant and growing psychosocial risk, with serious consequences for both individual well-being and the organization of services. Often underestimated due to underreporting, this phenomenon is internationally recognized as a threat to dignity and workplace safety. ILO Convention No. 190/2019 assigns employers the responsibility to manage this risk through risk assessment and preventive measures. In Italy, as early as 2007, the Ministry of Health’s Recommendation No. 8 outlined specific measures to prevent acts of violence against healthcare workers, emphasizing training, reporting, and implementation of organizational protocols. Aim of the study: To analyse the phenomenon of aggression against HWs at the University Hospital of Padua (AOUP) over the five-year period 2020-2024, describing its trends and characteristics. The study also aimed to experimentally apply a risk assessment method in selected hospital units (UUs) as a preparatory phase for broader evaluation and implementation of risk reduction measures. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on reports of patient aggression against HWs during 2020-2024, using the Incident Reporting system. Additionally, a risk assessment was performed in selected UUs using an experimental method based on injury severity (G), time spent in contact with patients (P), and type of work environment (W1 and W2), resulting in a Risk Index: RAGGR = G × P × (W1 × W2). To address potential underestimation of physical aggression events compared to formal reports, a correction factor (FC) was applied, reflecting all physical aggression reports recorded via Incident Reporting. Results: A total of 721 aggression incidents were reported between 2020 and 2024, with a progressive increase over the years: 61 in 2020, 70 in 2021, 111 in 2022, 255 in 2023, and 224 in 2024. The reporting rate shows a marked increase starting in 2022, rising from 9.791‰ in 2020 to 38.07‰ in 2023. Statistical analysis showed that the risk of aggression in the 2022-2024 period was significantly higher than in 2020 (p<0.001). The most affected areas were Emergency Department (27,8%), Psychiatry (23,9%), and surgical specialties (21,7%). Violence was exclusively verbal in 62,1% of cases, both verbal and physical in 28,7%, and exclusively physical in 9,2%. Healthcare professionals were involved in 74% of incidents, with a female prevalence of 68,8%, although reporting rates were higher among males. In 78% of cases, the HW was working in pairs, and most incidents occurred during peak hours (9:00-12:00), mainly in patient rooms (25,9%) and corridors (34,1%). In 66,2% of cases, the aggressor was male, and in 58,9%, the HWs involved judged the event non-preventable. The assessed units showed a medium-high risk of physical aggression. Conclusions: The five-year analysis revealed a steady increase in reported incidents, partly attributable to greater awareness among HWs following AOUP’s prevention and management initiatives, including staff training and dissemination of operational procedures. The risk assessment method does not account for verbal aggression, the most prevalent form at AOUP; nevertheless, it allows identification of key vulnerabilities, determination of risk levels, and prioritization of interventions for risk reduction and control.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Tesi di Specializzazione - Monica Battistella.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/98714