This thesis aims to quantify potential alterations in motor patterns of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease during gait initiation. The study analyzed previously acquired data from a group of four patients, collected through an optoelectronic motion capture system with markers placed on specific anatomical landmarks, combined with force plates. This setup enabled the evaluation of velocity, smoothness and trajectory of lower limb, pelvis and trunk movements, as well as the assessment of center of pressure trajectories in both static and dynamic conditions. Data were processed in MATLAB to extract relevant biomechanical parameters, with a focus on indicators of balance and postural stability. Specifically, spatial and temporal parameters of the first and second steps, the phases of gait initiation, and pelvis–trunk movement patterns were examined. Static balance trials were also analyzed, extracting key posturographic measures such as the stability ellipse area. Furthermore, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis was applied to compare position, velocity, and acceleration curves of the trunk and pelvis across subjects. The results provide a deeper characterization of gait initiation in Parkinson’s disease, highlighting alterations in movement and balance control. These findings contribute to a better understanding of motor impairments in Parkinsonian patients and may support the development of future assessment and rehabilitation strategies.
La presente tesi si propone di quantificare le alterazioni nei pattern motori di pazienti affetti da morbo di Parkinson durante la fase di inizio del cammino (gait initiation). Lo studio ha analizzato dati pre-esistenti relativi a un gruppo di quattro pazienti, acquisiti mediante un sistema optoelettronico con marker posizionati su specifici punti anatomici, in combinazione con pedane di forza a terra. Tale strumentazione ha consentito di valutare velocità, fluidità e traiettoria del movimento degli arti inferiori, della pelvi e del tronco, nonché di analizzare la traiettoria del centro di pressione in condizioni statiche e dinamiche. I dati sono stati elaborati in ambiente MATLAB, con l’obiettivo di estrarre parametri biomeccanici rilevanti legati all’equilibrio e alla stabilità posturale. In particolare, sono stati analizzati i parametri spaziali e temporali relativi al primo e al secondo passo, le fasi della gait initiation e i pattern di movimento di tronco e pelvi. L’analisi ha incluso anche misure posturografice statiche, quali l’area dell’ellisse di stabilità. Inoltre, è stata applicata l’analisi SPM (Statistical Parametric Mapping) per confrontare le curve di posizione, velocità e accelerazione dei segmenti corporei nei diversi soggetti. I risultati ottenuti contribuiscono a caratterizzare le peculiarità del movimento e dell’equilibrio nei pazienti parkinsoniani durante l’inizio del cammino, offrendo strumenti utili per una migliore comprensione dei deficit motori e per lo sviluppo di future strategie di valutazione e riabilitazione.
Analisi biomeccanica della gait initiation in pazienti affetti da Parkinson
INGEGNERI, ANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to quantify potential alterations in motor patterns of patients affected by Parkinson’s disease during gait initiation. The study analyzed previously acquired data from a group of four patients, collected through an optoelectronic motion capture system with markers placed on specific anatomical landmarks, combined with force plates. This setup enabled the evaluation of velocity, smoothness and trajectory of lower limb, pelvis and trunk movements, as well as the assessment of center of pressure trajectories in both static and dynamic conditions. Data were processed in MATLAB to extract relevant biomechanical parameters, with a focus on indicators of balance and postural stability. Specifically, spatial and temporal parameters of the first and second steps, the phases of gait initiation, and pelvis–trunk movement patterns were examined. Static balance trials were also analyzed, extracting key posturographic measures such as the stability ellipse area. Furthermore, Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) analysis was applied to compare position, velocity, and acceleration curves of the trunk and pelvis across subjects. The results provide a deeper characterization of gait initiation in Parkinson’s disease, highlighting alterations in movement and balance control. These findings contribute to a better understanding of motor impairments in Parkinsonian patients and may support the development of future assessment and rehabilitation strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99047