Background: The demographic transformation of the healthcare workforce - marked by the progressive ageing of staff and the growing entry of Generation Z (Gen Z) nurses (born ≥ 1997) - is reshaping organisational dynamics within healthcare systems. In Italy, this generation intersects with structural features of nursing work, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where irregular schedules and night duties are intrinsic to continuous care delivery. Gen Z nurses, despite their increasing presence, often enter these high-complexity environments early in their careers, facing elevated cognitive demands, heavy workloads, and limited work-life balance. While international evidence highlights distinct generational expectations, such as professional growth, structured support, and work-life balance, qualitative insights into how Gen Z nurses experience and navigate the pressures of ICU shift work remain scarce. This gap underscores the need to better understand the lived experiences, coping strategies, and professional aspirations of this emerging cohort within one of the most demanding clinical settings Aim: This study explored the professional experiences of Gen Z nurses working in ICUs, focusing on how they manage shift and night work, maintain psycho-physical well-being, and construct job satisfaction and career aspirations within high-complexity environments. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted to explore the lived experiences of Gen Z nurses. The study was conducted across the Intensive Care Units of the Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, including mixed medical-surgical ICUs and specialised high-dependency units. Purposive sampling recruited Gen Z nurses working 24-hour shift schedules. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30), conducted between June and September 2025, were audio-recorded, anonymised, transcribed verbatim, and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. Credibility was enhanced through researcher triangulation and iterative comparison. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Padua. Results: Thirty Gen Z nurses participated in the study (90% women; mean age 25.2 years), with an average of 2.6 years of experience and 1.7 years in ICU. Five overarching themes were identified: consequences of shift work; work-life imbalance and coping strategies; professional community and generational identity; professional recognition and organisational disillusionment; long-term work sustainability and professional aspirations. Participants reported cumulative fatigue, circadian disruption, non-restorative sleep, and pre-shift anxiety, affecting concentration and daily life. Work-life imbalance was intensified by unpredictable rotas and micro-logistical stressors such as commuting and parking difficulties. Coping strategies included regenerative routines, emotional regulation, digital boundary-setting, and strong peer support. While team cohesion facilitated learning and belonging, inconsistent recognition and fragmented leadership contributed to frustration. Many nurses expressed aspirations for further education and mobility, driven by concerns about sustainability and a desire for greater balance and professional growth. Conclusions: Gen Z nurses experience ICU shift work as highly demanding from the earliest stages of their careers. Their narratives highlight both vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies, underscoring the need for organisational models that prioritise recognition, predictable scheduling, supportive leadership, and sustainable career development pathways
Background: La trasformazione demografica della forza lavoro sanitaria, caratterizzata dall’invecchiamento del personale e dall’ingresso crescente degli infermieri della Generazione Z (nati dal 1997 in poi), sta ridefinendo le dinamiche organizzative dei sistemi sanitari. In Italia, tale cambiamento si inserisce in un contesto assistenziale – in particolare nelle Unità di Terapia Intensiva (UTI) – caratterizzato da elevata complessità clinica, turni irregolari e lavoro notturno. Gli infermieri Gen Z entrano spesso precocemente in questi setting ad alta intensità, affrontando carichi cognitivi elevati, forte pressione emotiva e difficoltà di conciliazione vita-lavoro. Nonostante la crescente attenzione internazionale sulle aspettative generazionali, mancano ancora evidenze qualitative sul vissuto dei giovani infermieri Gen Z operanti in terapia intensiva. Obiettivo: Esplorare le esperienze professionali degli infermieri Gen Z che lavorano in UTI, con particolare riferimento alla gestione del lavoro a turni e notturno, al benessere psico-fisico, alla soddisfazione lavorativa e alle aspirazioni professionali. Metodi: È stato adottato un disegno qualitativo con approccio fenomenologico. Lo studio è stato condotto nelle UTI dell’Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova. Il campionamento propositivo ha coinvolto infermieri Gen Z inseriti in turnistica sulle 24 ore. Sono state realizzate 30 interviste semi-strutturate tra giugno e settembre 2025, registrate, trascritte integralmente e analizzate secondo l’analisi tematica induttiva di Braun e Clarke. La credibilità è stata garantita tramite triangolazione dei ricercatori. Lo studio ha ottenuto approvazione etica dall’Università di Padova. Risultati: Il campione era composto da 30 infermieri (90% donne), con età media di 25,2 anni e un’esperienza media di 2,6 anni. Sono emersi cinque temi principali: conseguenze del lavoro a turni; squilibrio vita-lavoro e strategie di coping; comunità professionale e identità generazionale; riconoscimento professionale e disillusione organizzativa; sostenibilità lavorativa e aspirazioni future. I partecipanti hanno riferito affaticamento cumulativo, disturbi del ritmo sonno-veglia, sonno non ristoratore e ansia pre-turno, con ricadute su concentrazione e qualità della vita. Lo squilibrio vita-lavoro era aggravato da turni imprevedibili e problemi logistici. Le principali strategie adattive includevano routine rigenerative, regolazione emotiva, delimitazione dei confini digitali e supporto tra pari. La coesione del team favoriva l’apprendimento, ma il riconoscimento disomogeneo e una leadership percepita come frammentata generavano frustrazione. Molti partecipanti manifestavano il desiderio di ulteriore formazione e mobilità professionale. Conclusioni: Gli infermieri Gen Z vivono il lavoro a turni in UTI come fortemente impegnativo fin dalle prime fasi della carriera. I risultati evidenziano la necessità di modelli organizzativi orientati alla prevedibilità dei turni, al riconoscimento professionale, a una leadership di supporto e a percorsi di sviluppo sostenibili.
Il vissuto lavorativo della Generazione Z nelle Terapie Intensive: uno studio qualitativo
GORI, FRANCESCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: The demographic transformation of the healthcare workforce - marked by the progressive ageing of staff and the growing entry of Generation Z (Gen Z) nurses (born ≥ 1997) - is reshaping organisational dynamics within healthcare systems. In Italy, this generation intersects with structural features of nursing work, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), where irregular schedules and night duties are intrinsic to continuous care delivery. Gen Z nurses, despite their increasing presence, often enter these high-complexity environments early in their careers, facing elevated cognitive demands, heavy workloads, and limited work-life balance. While international evidence highlights distinct generational expectations, such as professional growth, structured support, and work-life balance, qualitative insights into how Gen Z nurses experience and navigate the pressures of ICU shift work remain scarce. This gap underscores the need to better understand the lived experiences, coping strategies, and professional aspirations of this emerging cohort within one of the most demanding clinical settings Aim: This study explored the professional experiences of Gen Z nurses working in ICUs, focusing on how they manage shift and night work, maintain psycho-physical well-being, and construct job satisfaction and career aspirations within high-complexity environments. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological design was adopted to explore the lived experiences of Gen Z nurses. The study was conducted across the Intensive Care Units of the Azienda Ospedale-Università di Padova, including mixed medical-surgical ICUs and specialised high-dependency units. Purposive sampling recruited Gen Z nurses working 24-hour shift schedules. Semi-structured interviews (n = 30), conducted between June and September 2025, were audio-recorded, anonymised, transcribed verbatim, and analysed inductively using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis. Credibility was enhanced through researcher triangulation and iterative comparison. Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Padua. Results: Thirty Gen Z nurses participated in the study (90% women; mean age 25.2 years), with an average of 2.6 years of experience and 1.7 years in ICU. Five overarching themes were identified: consequences of shift work; work-life imbalance and coping strategies; professional community and generational identity; professional recognition and organisational disillusionment; long-term work sustainability and professional aspirations. Participants reported cumulative fatigue, circadian disruption, non-restorative sleep, and pre-shift anxiety, affecting concentration and daily life. Work-life imbalance was intensified by unpredictable rotas and micro-logistical stressors such as commuting and parking difficulties. Coping strategies included regenerative routines, emotional regulation, digital boundary-setting, and strong peer support. While team cohesion facilitated learning and belonging, inconsistent recognition and fragmented leadership contributed to frustration. Many nurses expressed aspirations for further education and mobility, driven by concerns about sustainability and a desire for greater balance and professional growth. Conclusions: Gen Z nurses experience ICU shift work as highly demanding from the earliest stages of their careers. Their narratives highlight both vulnerabilities and adaptive strategies, underscoring the need for organisational models that prioritise recognition, predictable scheduling, supportive leadership, and sustainable career development pathways| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/99157