3D manufacturing of decellularized extracellular matrix-derived hydrogel and polyvinyl alcohol constructs for the treatment of muscle defects

This thesis focuses on the design and fabrication of bioengineered constructs for muscle regeneration, with the aim of identifying alternative strategies capable of overcoming the limitations of traditional reconstructive surgery. For this purpose, a composite biomaterial consisting of hydrogel derived from decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) and combined with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is developed. The use of dECM enables a biomimetic reproduction of the complex composition of the muscular microenvironment, offering specific biochemical cues that support cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. PVA, on the other hand, acts as a sacrificial material, providing mechanical stability and suitable structural properties during the manufacturing of the constructs. In the experimental work, both medium and high-molecular-weight PVA are tested. Various ratios of dECM-derived hydrogel and PVA are compared to assess filament stability and to identify the most suitable proportions for scaffold fabrication. Once selected the best ratio between dECM-derived hydrogel and PVA, the scaffold is designed to promote regenerative processes in cases of muscle injuries or malformations. This approach lies within the broader context of muscle tissue engineering, with the goal of providing biocompatible and functional alternatives to conventional therapies, which could lead to clinical applications in the treatment of complex muscle defects.