The residual plain forests of the Pianura Padana are witnesses of the ancient oak forest that used to cover the great plain basin of Veneto and Friuli after the last glacial period. In the current environmental reality of the Veneto Plain, these woods represent a minor element in terms of relative surface area, but nevertheless they have great naturalistic importance, since they grant the survival of rare flora and fauna species that constitute authentic endemisms of the plain. Phytosociologically, Pignatti thinks that the Querco-Carpinetum boreoitalicum (1953) is the forest climax association of Pianura Padana. In Veneto, the extension of the oak-hornbeam woods is limited to small relict formations that are distributed in five main sites: Carpenedo wood - Mestre; Olmè wood - Cessalto; Cavalier wood - Gorgo al Monticano; Basalghelle wood - Mansuè; wood of Lison - Portogruaro. The presence of further oak-hornbeam woods is also recorded in other smaller areas like Bosco della Storga. Often, the vegetational and floristic integrity of these residual coenoses appears modified, or at least not precisely coinciding with natural models. These formations, in fact, have suffered from considerable anthropic pressure over the years and therefore they are the direct expression of the great environmental transformations produced by man as a result of the exploitation of the territory due to the high fertility of the soils, to optimal climatic conditions and the great opportunities for settlement and connection that these areas provide. Since they represent a natural element of considerable scientific interest, these woods are managed through the adoption of silvicultural techniques aimed at maintaining and conserving the topsoil. Thanks to the Community Agricultural Policies of set-aside and the regulation EEC n. 2080/92, which promoted an alternative use of agricultural land through afforestation, from 1988 on several hundred hectares of plantations have been set up in the Veneto region, aiming at restoring the ancient plain forests. However, these afforestations present serious structural and functional anomalies and they are also affected by the lack of adequate forest management models. The outcome of the incorrect planning and implementation of the afforestation procedure includes, at the utmost, the risk of driving an increase in CO2 emissions and having deleterious long-term effects on biodiversity and landscape. To address these lacks, it is necessary to start from an in-depth examination of the multifunctional role of the forest, in order to grant a sustainable management of the territory and the restoration of the forest ecosystem. Management, planning, conservation and enhancement contribute to define the functions that the forest is supposed to fulfil. In the forest assessment meaning of the term, the function of the forest is interpreted as the benefit given by the presence of the wood and by the uses connected to it. These functions can be summarized in 5 categories: productive, protective, tourist-recreational, ecological-conservative, landscape. The Bosco della Storga, as a relict plain wood, fulfills the tourist-recreational and ecological-conservative functions. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an approach to the formulation of a management model for the Bosco della Storga through the identification of a system of areas that are homogeneous in relation to the main dendrometric variables of the forest formations. Then, these variables will be compared with the parameters of the alsometric model for young plantations of lowland forests that was employed for the Bosco di Mestre (Bellio, 2008) This zoning will support the definition of an ecological and management scenario that promotes the organization of long-term strategic activities.
I residui boschi planiziali presenti nella pianura padano-veneta sono testimoni dell’antica foresta di querce che dopo l’ultima glaciazione ricopriva il grande bacino planiziale padano-veneto e friulano . Nell’attuale realtà ambientale della Pianura Veneta, essi rappresentano un elemento trascurabile in termini di superficie relativa, ma rivestono una grande importanza naturalistica , dal momento che garantiscono la sopravvivenza di rare specie floro-faunistiche che costituiscono degli autentici endemismi planiziari. Fitosociologicamente, Pignatti inquadrò l’associazione forestale climax della Pianura Padana nel Querco-Carpinetum boreoitalicum (1953). In Veneto, l’estensione dei querco-carpineti è circoscritta a piccole formazioni relitte che sono distribuite in cinque siti principali: bosco Carpenedo – Mestre; bosco Olmè – Cessalto; bosco Cavalier – Gorgo al Monticano; bosco Basalghelle – Mansuè; bosco di Lison – Portogruaro. Si registra la presenza di ulteriori querco-carpineti in situazioni di ancor più ridotta superficie quali il Bosco della Storga. L’integrità vegetazionale e floristica di queste cenosi residue appare spesso alterata o comunque non precisamente coincidente con i modelli naturali. Queste formazioni, infatti, hanno subito negli anni notevole pressione antropica e pertanto sono l’espressione diretta delle grandi trasformazioni ambientali prodotte dall’uomo e dello sfruttamento del territorio in ragione della elevata fertilità dei suoli, delle migliori condizioni climatiche e delle maggiori opportunità di insediamento e collegamento che esso garantisce . Costituendo un elemento naturale di notevole interesse scientifico, questi boschi vengono gestiti tramite l’adozione di tecniche selvicolturali tendenti al mantenimento ed alla conservazione del soprassuolo . Grazie alle politiche agricole comunitarie del set-aside e al Reg. CEE n. 2080/92 che promuovevano un’utilizzazione alternativa delle terre agricole mediante l'imboschimento, a partire dal 1988 nel Veneto sono stati messi a dimora diverse centinaia di ettari di impianti con l’obiettivo di ripristinare le antiche foreste planiziali. Tuttavia, questi imboschimenti presentano delle gravi anomalie sia strutturali che funzionali e risentono della mancanza di adeguati modelli di gestione forestale. Inoltre, l’errata pianificazione degli interventi di gestione rischia di comportare l’aumento di emissioni di CO2 e avere effetti deleteri a lungo termine sulla biodiversità e sul paesaggio . Per ovviare a tali mancanze, risulta necessario ripartire da un esame approfondito del ruolo multifunzionale del bosco, che sia garanzia di una gestione sostenibile del territorio e di un ripristino dell'ecosistema forestale. Gestione, pianificazione, conservazione e valorizzazione concorrono a delineare le funzioni cui il bosco è chiamato a svolgere. Nell’accezione assestamentale del termine, la funzione è intesa come il beneficio ottenuto dalla presenza del bosco e dagli usi connessi ad esso. Tali funzioni sono riassumibili in cinque categorie: produttiva, protettiva, turistico-ricreativa, ecologico-conservativa, paesaggistica. Il Bosco della Storga, in qualità di bosco planiziale relitto, assolve le funzioni turistico-ricreativa ed ecologico-conservativa. La finalità del lavoro di tesi è di fornire un primo approccio conoscitivo per la definizione di un modello gestionale del Bosco della Storga tramite la suddivisione dei popolamenti forestali in aree omogenee in relazione alle principali variabili dendrometriche. Queste variabili possono essere confrontate con i parametri di modelli alsometrici relativi a boschi planiziali di analoga composizione. Tale suddivisione fornirà un supporto per la definizione di uno scenario ecologico e gestionale che faciliti l’organizzazione delle attività strategiche di lungo periodo.
Il bosco della Storga: scenario ecologico e gestionale
MARCASSA, ALICE
2021/2022
Abstract
The residual plain forests of the Pianura Padana are witnesses of the ancient oak forest that used to cover the great plain basin of Veneto and Friuli after the last glacial period. In the current environmental reality of the Veneto Plain, these woods represent a minor element in terms of relative surface area, but nevertheless they have great naturalistic importance, since they grant the survival of rare flora and fauna species that constitute authentic endemisms of the plain. Phytosociologically, Pignatti thinks that the Querco-Carpinetum boreoitalicum (1953) is the forest climax association of Pianura Padana. In Veneto, the extension of the oak-hornbeam woods is limited to small relict formations that are distributed in five main sites: Carpenedo wood - Mestre; Olmè wood - Cessalto; Cavalier wood - Gorgo al Monticano; Basalghelle wood - Mansuè; wood of Lison - Portogruaro. The presence of further oak-hornbeam woods is also recorded in other smaller areas like Bosco della Storga. Often, the vegetational and floristic integrity of these residual coenoses appears modified, or at least not precisely coinciding with natural models. These formations, in fact, have suffered from considerable anthropic pressure over the years and therefore they are the direct expression of the great environmental transformations produced by man as a result of the exploitation of the territory due to the high fertility of the soils, to optimal climatic conditions and the great opportunities for settlement and connection that these areas provide. Since they represent a natural element of considerable scientific interest, these woods are managed through the adoption of silvicultural techniques aimed at maintaining and conserving the topsoil. Thanks to the Community Agricultural Policies of set-aside and the regulation EEC n. 2080/92, which promoted an alternative use of agricultural land through afforestation, from 1988 on several hundred hectares of plantations have been set up in the Veneto region, aiming at restoring the ancient plain forests. However, these afforestations present serious structural and functional anomalies and they are also affected by the lack of adequate forest management models. The outcome of the incorrect planning and implementation of the afforestation procedure includes, at the utmost, the risk of driving an increase in CO2 emissions and having deleterious long-term effects on biodiversity and landscape. To address these lacks, it is necessary to start from an in-depth examination of the multifunctional role of the forest, in order to grant a sustainable management of the territory and the restoration of the forest ecosystem. Management, planning, conservation and enhancement contribute to define the functions that the forest is supposed to fulfil. In the forest assessment meaning of the term, the function of the forest is interpreted as the benefit given by the presence of the wood and by the uses connected to it. These functions can be summarized in 5 categories: productive, protective, tourist-recreational, ecological-conservative, landscape. The Bosco della Storga, as a relict plain wood, fulfills the tourist-recreational and ecological-conservative functions. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an approach to the formulation of a management model for the Bosco della Storga through the identification of a system of areas that are homogeneous in relation to the main dendrometric variables of the forest formations. Then, these variables will be compared with the parameters of the alsometric model for young plantations of lowland forests that was employed for the Bosco di Mestre (Bellio, 2008) This zoning will support the definition of an ecological and management scenario that promotes the organization of long-term strategic activities.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
Marcassa_Alice .pdf
accesso riservato
Dimensione
26.14 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
26.14 MB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/9991