Rumination is a passive and repetitive thinking process focused on negative content and is widely recognized as a risk factor for the onset of depressive disorders, as well as a transdiagnostic factor. This paper provides a review of the literature on this topic: the psychological construct of rumination, its underlying psychophysiological factors, the neural correlates involved, and the complex heart-brain interaction that characterizes it. Subsequently, an empirical study will be presented, conducted to investigate spontaneous central (EEG) and peripheral (ECG) activity in a sample of healthy female students with high and low ruminative traits, during two resting-state conditions: pre- and post-experimental task (experimental induction of rumination). The analysis of baseline activity is essential to understanding how maladaptive processes such as rumination are the result of bidirectional psychophysiological circuits. During the laboratory session, high-density electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic data were acquired. The analyses focused on questionnaires scores obtained during recruitment phase (Student's t-test) and, by means of sLORETA, it was possible to perform between-group analyses on the EEG data and correlational analyses between cardiac measures (HR and Hfpow-FFT) and cerebral measures, thus identifying the brain areas significantly associated with cardiac functioning. The results revealed higher levels of high-frequency cortical activity among participants with a high tendency to ruminate, even during a resting condition. Furthermore, in the same group, no significant correlations were observed between brain and cardiac activity, in contrast with the group with low ruminative traits, probably an indirect indicator of reduced cardiac variability and disrupted heart-brain interaction. The identification of alterations within these circuits may provide early biomarkers of psychopathological vulnerability and suggest new targets for behavioral interventions aimed at modulating these maladaptive processes.
La ruminazione è un processo di pensiero passivo e ripetitivo focalizzato su contenuti negativi ed è ampiamente riconosciuta come fattore di rischio per l’esordio di disturbi depressivi e come fattore transdiagnostico. Nel presente lavoro sarà esposta una rassegna della letteratura sul tema: il costrutto psicologico della ruminazione, i fattori psicofisiologici sottesi, i correlati neurali e la complessa interazione cuore-cervello che la caratterizza. Verrà poi presentata una ricerca condotta per indagare l’attività spontanea centrale (EEG) e periferica (ECG) in un campione di studentesse sane con alti e bassi tratti ruminativi, durante due condizioni di riposo: pre- e post-compito sperimentale (induzione sperimentale della ruminazione). L’analisi dell’attività basale risulta fondamentale per comprendere in che modo processi maladattivi come la ruminazione siano frutto di circuiti psicofisiologici bidirezionali. Durante la sessione in laboratorio, sono stati acquisiti dati elettroencefalografici ad alta densità e dati elettrocardiografici. Le analisi si sono concentrate sui punteggi ottenuti ai questionari somministrati in fase di reclutamento (t test di Student) e, grazie all’utilizzo di sLORETA, è stato possibile eseguire analisi between group sui dati EEG e analisi correlazionali tra le misure cardiache (HR e Hfpow-FFT) e le misure cerebrali, identificando così le aree cerebrali significativamente associate al funzionamento cardiaco. I risultati hanno mostrato maggiori livelli di attività corticale ad alta frequenza nelle partecipanti con alta tendenza alla ruminazione anche durante una condizione di riposo. Inoltre, nello stesso gruppo non sono state riscontrate correlazioni tra l’attività cerebrale e quella cardiaca, a differenza del gruppo con bassi tratti ruminativi, probabilmente indice indiretto di ridotta variabilità cardiaca e di un’alterata interazione cuore-cervello. L’identificazione di alterazioni in questi circuiti può fornire biomarcatori precoci di vulnerabilità psicopatologica e suggerire nuovi target per interventi comportamentali mirati alla modulazione di tali processi maladattivi.
Ruminazione e interazione cuore-cervello: analisi dell’attività spontanea centrale e periferica in individui con alti e bassi tratti ruminativi
CITRINI, ALICE
2024/2025
Abstract
Rumination is a passive and repetitive thinking process focused on negative content and is widely recognized as a risk factor for the onset of depressive disorders, as well as a transdiagnostic factor. This paper provides a review of the literature on this topic: the psychological construct of rumination, its underlying psychophysiological factors, the neural correlates involved, and the complex heart-brain interaction that characterizes it. Subsequently, an empirical study will be presented, conducted to investigate spontaneous central (EEG) and peripheral (ECG) activity in a sample of healthy female students with high and low ruminative traits, during two resting-state conditions: pre- and post-experimental task (experimental induction of rumination). The analysis of baseline activity is essential to understanding how maladaptive processes such as rumination are the result of bidirectional psychophysiological circuits. During the laboratory session, high-density electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic data were acquired. The analyses focused on questionnaires scores obtained during recruitment phase (Student's t-test) and, by means of sLORETA, it was possible to perform between-group analyses on the EEG data and correlational analyses between cardiac measures (HR and Hfpow-FFT) and cerebral measures, thus identifying the brain areas significantly associated with cardiac functioning. The results revealed higher levels of high-frequency cortical activity among participants with a high tendency to ruminate, even during a resting condition. Furthermore, in the same group, no significant correlations were observed between brain and cardiac activity, in contrast with the group with low ruminative traits, probably an indirect indicator of reduced cardiac variability and disrupted heart-brain interaction. The identification of alterations within these circuits may provide early biomarkers of psychopathological vulnerability and suggest new targets for behavioral interventions aimed at modulating these maladaptive processes.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100124