In recent years, loot boxes (LBs) have emerged as one of the most widespread and controversial practices within the video game industry, as they are based on mechanisms of chance and variable rewards similar to those found in gambling. Scientific literature has already shown that purchasing and opening LBs is associated with problem gambling behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults, yet significant gaps remain in understanding the psychological mechanisms that sustain this relationship and the role of individual and social vulnerability factors. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze the link between loot boxes (LBs) and gambling/problem gambling and gambling disorder (GD), integrating empirical and psychological evidence to clarify how components such as impulsivity, cognitive distortions, emotion regulation, and flow experience may contribute to the development of dysfunctional gaming behaviors. Through a review of international literature, the thesis highlights the complexity of the phenomenon, showing how LBs may represent a potential gateway to traditional gambling. Research findings indicate a significant correlation between LB expenditure and the severity of GD symptoms, with greater vulnerability observed among younger individuals and those with low socioeconomic status. However, the scarcity of longitudinal and experimental studies limits the possibility of establishing causal relationships, underscoring the need for further investigation. In conclusion, this paper offers a critical reflection on the psychological, psychosocial, ethical, and regulatory implications of LBs, emphasizing the need for multimodal prevention strategies, evidence-based educational programs, and regulatory policies capable of balancing consumer protection with the freedom of the video game market.
Negli ultimi anni, le loot boxes (LBs) sono emerse come una delle pratiche più diffuse e controverse dell’industria videoludica, in quanto basate su meccaniche di casualità e ricompensa variabile analoghe a quelle del gioco d’azzardo. La letteratura scientifica ha già evidenziato come l’acquisto e l’apertura delle LBs siano associati a comportamenti di problem gambling, soprattutto tra adolescenti e giovani adulti, ma permangono lacune significative nella comprensione dei meccanismi psicologici che sostengono tale relazione e del ruolo dei fattori di vulnerabilità individuali e sociali. L’obiettivo di questo elaborato è analizzare criticamente il legame tra loot boxes (LBs) e gambling/problem gambling e gambling disorder (GD), integrando evidenze empiriche e psicologiche per chiarire in che modo componenti quali impulsività, distorsioni cognitive, regolazione emotiva e flow experience possano contribuire allo sviluppo di comportamenti di gioco disfunzionali. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura internazionale, la tesi mette in luce la complessità del fenomeno, evidenziando come le LBs possano rappresentare un potenziale gateway verso il gioco d’azzardo tradizionale. I risultati della ricerca mostrano una correlazione significativa tra spesa per LBs e gravità dei sintomi del GD, con una maggiore vulnerabilità riscontrata nei soggetti più giovani e con basso status socioeconomico. Tuttavia, la scarsità di studi longitudinali e sperimentali limita la possibilità di stabilire relazioni causali, sottolineando la necessità di ulteriori indagini. In conclusione, l’elaborato propone una riflessione critica sulle implicazioni psicologiche, psicosociali, etiche e normative delle LBs, promuovendo la necessità di strategie di prevenzione multimodali, programmi educativi basati su evidenze e politiche di regolamentazione capaci di bilanciare tutela del consumatore e libertà del mercato videoludico.
Loot boxes e gioco d'azzardo
GRIMALDI, GABRIELE
2024/2025
Abstract
In recent years, loot boxes (LBs) have emerged as one of the most widespread and controversial practices within the video game industry, as they are based on mechanisms of chance and variable rewards similar to those found in gambling. Scientific literature has already shown that purchasing and opening LBs is associated with problem gambling behaviors, particularly among adolescents and young adults, yet significant gaps remain in understanding the psychological mechanisms that sustain this relationship and the role of individual and social vulnerability factors. The objective of this paper is to critically analyze the link between loot boxes (LBs) and gambling/problem gambling and gambling disorder (GD), integrating empirical and psychological evidence to clarify how components such as impulsivity, cognitive distortions, emotion regulation, and flow experience may contribute to the development of dysfunctional gaming behaviors. Through a review of international literature, the thesis highlights the complexity of the phenomenon, showing how LBs may represent a potential gateway to traditional gambling. Research findings indicate a significant correlation between LB expenditure and the severity of GD symptoms, with greater vulnerability observed among younger individuals and those with low socioeconomic status. However, the scarcity of longitudinal and experimental studies limits the possibility of establishing causal relationships, underscoring the need for further investigation. In conclusion, this paper offers a critical reflection on the psychological, psychosocial, ethical, and regulatory implications of LBs, emphasizing the need for multimodal prevention strategies, evidence-based educational programs, and regulatory policies capable of balancing consumer protection with the freedom of the video game market.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100192