Through an analysis of Kant’s political philosophy, this work investigates the aporetic re-emergence of the problem of government within the conceptual framework of modern natural law theory. The dialectic between public opinion and the representative’s arbitrary will, made possible by the Kantian idea of the original contract, opens the political form conceived by Hobbes and Rousseau to the movement of reform, thereby temporalizing its constitutional structure. This dynamization does not resolve the aporias of modern political science but instead complicates their internal articulation, indicating the need for a conceptualization of modern society and its government. At the level of the republican constitution, the oscillation between the authority of the representative and the general will - embodied in public critique - requires the elaboration of forms of knowledge capable of producing legal principles and political rules to guide decision-making and rationalize the exercise of power. Considering the philosophy of history, which interprets enthusiasm for the French Revolution as a sign of progressive development, natural law theory and governmental knowledge (legal, economic, administrative) constitute the poles within which political practice must be inscribed. The aporia of representative arbitrariness - emerging in the denial of the right to resistance and the dissolution of the corporate plurality of society - thus turns into a politicization of knowledge oriented toward the “truth” of the general will. Consequently, the problem of government reappears aporetically within the framework of modern political concepts, without finding adequate articulation and becoming profoundly transformed. What remains unthinkable within Kant’s political philosophy is a political organization of society that would allow the plurality of institutions and groups structuring the social field to problematize its order. As a result of this impossibility, the category of justice is formalized and government becomes a function of the modern concepts of freedom and power, coinciding with political practice oriented toward the modernization of social order and the protection of the conditions of possibility of modern society, composed of free and equal individuals as juridical personalities, moral subjects, private proprietors, and citizens of the state.
Attraverso un’analisi della filosofia politica kantiana, il lavoro indaga la riemersione aporetica del problema del governo entro il quadro concettuale del giusnaturalismo moderno. La dialettica tra opinione pubblica e arbitrio del rappresentante, resa possibile dall’idea kantiana del contratto originario, apre la forma politica pensata da Hobbes e Rousseau al movimento della riforma, temporalizzandone l’assetto. Questa dinamizzazione non supera le aporie della scienza politica moderna, ma ne complica dall’interno l’articolazione teorica, indicando l’esigenza di una concettualizzazione della società moderna e del suo governo. Sul piano della costituzione repubblicana, l’oscillazione che si instaura tra autorità del rappresentante e volontà generale - incarnata dalla critica pubblica - richiede la messa a punto di saperi che producano principi giuridici e regole politiche in grado di orientare le decisioni e razionalizzare l’esercizio del potere. Alla luce della filosofia della storia, che fa dell’entusiasmo per la Rivoluzione il segno di una tendenza al progresso, teoria del diritto naturale e saperi di governo (giuridici, economici, amministrativi) costituiscono i poli entro cui inscrivere la prassi politica. L’aporia dell’arbitrio del rappresentante - emersa attraverso la negazione del diritto di resistenza e la dissoluzione della pluralità cetuale - si rovescia così in una politicizzazione del sapere orientata alla “verità” della volontà generale. In tal modo, il problema del governo riemerge aporeticamente nel quadro dei concetti politici moderni, non trovando un’articolazione sufficiente e venendo profondamente trasfigurato. Ciò che rimane impensabile sul piano della filosofia politica kantiana è un’organizzazione politica della società, che permetta alla pluralità di istituzioni e gruppi che articolano il sociale di problematizzarne l’ordine. Per effetto di tale impossibilità, la categoria di giustizia viene formalizzata e il governo diviene funzione dei moderni concetti di libertà e potere, coincidendo con una prassi politica orientata con la produzione e la tutela delle condizioni di possibilità della società moderna, composta di individui liberi e uguali come persone giuridiche, soggetti morali, proprietari privati e cittadini dello Stato.
Governo e modernizzazione. Potere, riforma e sapere nella filosofia politica di Kant
ALBINO, PASQUALE
2024/2025
Abstract
Through an analysis of Kant’s political philosophy, this work investigates the aporetic re-emergence of the problem of government within the conceptual framework of modern natural law theory. The dialectic between public opinion and the representative’s arbitrary will, made possible by the Kantian idea of the original contract, opens the political form conceived by Hobbes and Rousseau to the movement of reform, thereby temporalizing its constitutional structure. This dynamization does not resolve the aporias of modern political science but instead complicates their internal articulation, indicating the need for a conceptualization of modern society and its government. At the level of the republican constitution, the oscillation between the authority of the representative and the general will - embodied in public critique - requires the elaboration of forms of knowledge capable of producing legal principles and political rules to guide decision-making and rationalize the exercise of power. Considering the philosophy of history, which interprets enthusiasm for the French Revolution as a sign of progressive development, natural law theory and governmental knowledge (legal, economic, administrative) constitute the poles within which political practice must be inscribed. The aporia of representative arbitrariness - emerging in the denial of the right to resistance and the dissolution of the corporate plurality of society - thus turns into a politicization of knowledge oriented toward the “truth” of the general will. Consequently, the problem of government reappears aporetically within the framework of modern political concepts, without finding adequate articulation and becoming profoundly transformed. What remains unthinkable within Kant’s political philosophy is a political organization of society that would allow the plurality of institutions and groups structuring the social field to problematize its order. As a result of this impossibility, the category of justice is formalized and government becomes a function of the modern concepts of freedom and power, coinciding with political practice oriented toward the modernization of social order and the protection of the conditions of possibility of modern society, composed of free and equal individuals as juridical personalities, moral subjects, private proprietors, and citizens of the state.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100574