This thesis offers a philosophical exploration of Norbert Wiener’s bibliography, with particular attention to Cybernetics, The Human Use of Human Beings, God and Golem, Inc. and Invention. Cybernetics, understood as the science of control and communication, introduced into the technological landscape of the Second Industrial Revolution a radical novelty: the possibility of constructing machines capable of reproducing typically human attitudes and functions. On the one hand, the initial enthusiasm was fueled by the benefits derived from the study of concepts such as feedback, noise, and information, which had a decisive impact both on the development of calculating machines and on communication engineering. On the other hand, Wiener’s texts reveal a deep unease: the indiscriminate construction of learning machines risks undermining the very values that are most properly human. The dangers identified by Wiener are both internal to the machines themselves and external, linked to their distorted use in favor of an entropic vision of progress. Against such risks, he points to the freedom of information as the sole antidote to self-destruction and the indispensable means of preserving what originally distinguishes the human from the rest of the world: variability.
L’elaborato propone un’incursione filosofica nella bibliografia di Norbert Wiener, con particolare attenzione ai testi Cybernetics, The Human Use of Human Beings, God and Golem, Inc. e Invention. La cibernetica, intesa come scienza del controllo e della comunicazione, ha introdotto nello scenario tecnologico della Seconda rivoluzione industriale una novità radicale: la possibilità di costruire macchine capaci di riprodurre atteggiamenti e funzioni tipicamente umani. Se da un lato l’entusiasmo iniziale era alimentato dai benefici derivanti dallo studio di concetti come feedback, rumore e informazione, che hanno avuto un impatto decisivo sia nello sviluppo delle macchine calcolatrici sia nell’ingegneria della comunicazione, dall’altro i testi di Wiener rivelano una profonda inquietudine: la costruzione indiscriminata di macchine in grado di apprendere rischia infatti di compromettere i valori più propriamente umani. I pericoli che Wiener individua sono tanto interni alle macchine stesse quanto esterni, in quanto connessi a un loro uso distorto e finalizzato a un progresso di natura entropica. Contro tali rischi, egli indica nella libertà dell’informazione l’unico antidoto all’autodistruzione, nonché lo strumento imprescindibile per preservare ciò che originariamente distingue l’umano dal resto del mondo: la variabilità.
Le macchine cibernetiche e il loro uso: tecnica, società e politica nell'eredità filosofica di Norbert Wiener
ANTELMO, ALICE GABRIELLA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis offers a philosophical exploration of Norbert Wiener’s bibliography, with particular attention to Cybernetics, The Human Use of Human Beings, God and Golem, Inc. and Invention. Cybernetics, understood as the science of control and communication, introduced into the technological landscape of the Second Industrial Revolution a radical novelty: the possibility of constructing machines capable of reproducing typically human attitudes and functions. On the one hand, the initial enthusiasm was fueled by the benefits derived from the study of concepts such as feedback, noise, and information, which had a decisive impact both on the development of calculating machines and on communication engineering. On the other hand, Wiener’s texts reveal a deep unease: the indiscriminate construction of learning machines risks undermining the very values that are most properly human. The dangers identified by Wiener are both internal to the machines themselves and external, linked to their distorted use in favor of an entropic vision of progress. Against such risks, he points to the freedom of information as the sole antidote to self-destruction and the indispensable means of preserving what originally distinguishes the human from the rest of the world: variability.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100575