Since 1978, the National Health System (NHS) has implemented the constitutional provisions on health protection, based on the principles of universality, equality, equity, and solidarity. Today, however, a slow but inexorable crisis is calling into question its viability. After outlining the main problematic issues in Italian healthcare, the paper analyzes Daniel Callahan's bioethical perspective, which attributes to impossible medicine that we have created the cause of the unsustainability of contemporary healthcare systems. Callahan's proposed way out requires a radical rethinking of the purposes of medical practice, towards a sustainable medicine capable of recognizing the constitutive limits of the human condition. In light of phenomenology and care ethics, we will therefore delve deeper into the importance of care: it is based on a conception of the human being that recognizes their constitutive vulnerability and their inclusion in a dense web of relationships and responsibilities, among which stands out the obligation to improve the quality of life of those on that limit where, sooner or later, we will all find ourselves. From this perspective, the relationship of care and trust outlined by Law 219/2017 is a suitable tool for enhancing appropriate and proportionate care, respectful of self-determination and human dignity.
A partire dal 1978, il Sistema Sanitario Nazionale (SSN) dà attuazione al dettato costituzionale in materia di tutela della salute fondandosi sui principi di universalità, uguaglianza, equità e solidarietà. Oggi, tuttavia, una crisi lenta ma inesorabile ne sta mettendo in discussione la tenuta. Dopo aver delineato i principali nodi problematici della sanità italiana, il lavoro analizza la prospettiva bioetica di Daniel Callahan, che attribuisce alla medicina impossibile che abbiamo creato la causa dell’insostenibilità dei sistemi sanitari contemporanei. La via d’uscita proposta da Callahan richiede un ripensamento radicale delle finalità della pratica medica, in direzione di una medicina sostenibile capace di riconoscere i limiti costitutivi della condizione umana. Alla luce della fenomenologia e della care ethics, si passerà dunque all’approfondimento dell’importanza della cura: essa si fonda su una concezione dell’essere umano che ne riconosce la costitutiva vulnerabilità e l’inserimento in una fitta trama di relazioni e responsabilità, tra le quali spicca l’obbligo di migliorare la qualità di vita di chi si trova su quel limite dove, prima o poi, tutti ci troveremo. In questa prospettiva, la relazione di cura e di fiducia delineata dalla Legge 219/2017 si configura proprio come uno strumento adatto a valorizzare una cura appropriata e proporzionata, rispettosa dell’autodeterminazione e della dignità umana.
Per una medicina sostenibile fondata sulla relazione di cura. Una proposta a partire dalla prospettiva di Daniel Callahan
FRACASSO, GLORIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Since 1978, the National Health System (NHS) has implemented the constitutional provisions on health protection, based on the principles of universality, equality, equity, and solidarity. Today, however, a slow but inexorable crisis is calling into question its viability. After outlining the main problematic issues in Italian healthcare, the paper analyzes Daniel Callahan's bioethical perspective, which attributes to impossible medicine that we have created the cause of the unsustainability of contemporary healthcare systems. Callahan's proposed way out requires a radical rethinking of the purposes of medical practice, towards a sustainable medicine capable of recognizing the constitutive limits of the human condition. In light of phenomenology and care ethics, we will therefore delve deeper into the importance of care: it is based on a conception of the human being that recognizes their constitutive vulnerability and their inclusion in a dense web of relationships and responsibilities, among which stands out the obligation to improve the quality of life of those on that limit where, sooner or later, we will all find ourselves. From this perspective, the relationship of care and trust outlined by Law 219/2017 is a suitable tool for enhancing appropriate and proportionate care, respectful of self-determination and human dignity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100584