This thesis aims to analyze the revolutionary theory of the Situationist International (S.I.), developed during the 1960s, with particular attention to Guy Debord’s seminal work, The Society of the Spectacle (SduS). Far from being a mere sociological critique of mass media society, the Situationist theory presents itself as a radical project aimed at the conscious transformation of everyday life. In this sense, it aligns with the Marxist tradition—not by reproducing it mechanically, but by reinterpreting it in light of the historical conditions of the spectacle-driven commodity society. Debord’s theoretical framework draws especially from Marx’s concepts of alienation and fetishism, as well as from György Lukács’ notion of reification, developed in History and Class Consciousness. However, the theory of the S.I. is also rooted in lived experience—particularly in the Lettrist movement and the early phases of the Situationist group—where Debord developed an existential critique of spectacular society. It is from these foundations that the S.I. transitioned from an artistic to a political movement, rejecting all forms of specialization and proposing a total, revolutionary praxis. The first part of the thesis reconstructs these formative experiences, identifying the theoretical pillars that shape Debord’s thought. The second part focuses on the analysis of The Society of the Spectacle within its historical and theoretical context, with special emphasis on the concept of “spectacle.” Chapter 4 examines the relationship between spectacle and alienation, while Chapter 5 delves into the concepts of fetishism and reification, in order to clarify the critical and transformative scope of Situationist theory.
La presente tesi si propone di analizzare la teoria rivoluzionaria dell’Internazionale Situazionista (I.S.), sviluppatasi negli anni ’60, con particolare attenzione all’opera cardine di Guy Debord, La società dello spettacolo (SduS). Lungi dall’essere una semplice critica sociologica della società dei mass media, la teoria situazionista si configura come un progetto radicale volto alla trasformazione cosciente della vita quotidiana. In tal senso, essa si inscrive pienamente nella tradizione marxista, non per riproporla meccanicamente, ma per rilanciarla alla luce delle nuove condizioni storiche della società spettacolare-mercantile. L’elaborazione di Debord si nutre in particolare dei concetti marxiani di alienazione e feticismo, nonché della nozione di reificazione sviluppata da György Lukács in Storia e coscienza di classe. Tuttavia, la teoria dell’I.S. nasce anche da un'esperienza vissuta: quella dei movimenti lettristi e delle prime fasi del gruppo situazionista, nei quali Debord matura una critica esistenziale dell’organizzazione spettacolare della società. È proprio a partire da queste premesse che si sviluppa la transizione dell’I.S. da movimento artistico a movimento politico, rifiutando ogni forma di specializzazione e proponendo un’azione rivoluzionaria integrale. La prima parte della tesi ricostruisce tali esperienze fondative, individuando i nuclei teorici che orientano il pensiero di Debord. La seconda parte, invece, è dedicata all’analisi della SduS nel suo contesto teorico e storico, con un focus specifico sul concetto di “spettacolo”. In particolare, il capitolo 4 esamina il rapporto tra spettacolo e alienazione, mentre il capitolo 5 approfondisce le nozioni di feticismo e reificazione, al fine di chiarire la portata critica e trasformativa del pensiero situazionista.
Società dello spettacolo e critica dell'alienazione. Marxismo e situazionismo nel pensiero di Guy Debord
ZENI, DAVIDE
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis aims to analyze the revolutionary theory of the Situationist International (S.I.), developed during the 1960s, with particular attention to Guy Debord’s seminal work, The Society of the Spectacle (SduS). Far from being a mere sociological critique of mass media society, the Situationist theory presents itself as a radical project aimed at the conscious transformation of everyday life. In this sense, it aligns with the Marxist tradition—not by reproducing it mechanically, but by reinterpreting it in light of the historical conditions of the spectacle-driven commodity society. Debord’s theoretical framework draws especially from Marx’s concepts of alienation and fetishism, as well as from György Lukács’ notion of reification, developed in History and Class Consciousness. However, the theory of the S.I. is also rooted in lived experience—particularly in the Lettrist movement and the early phases of the Situationist group—where Debord developed an existential critique of spectacular society. It is from these foundations that the S.I. transitioned from an artistic to a political movement, rejecting all forms of specialization and proposing a total, revolutionary praxis. The first part of the thesis reconstructs these formative experiences, identifying the theoretical pillars that shape Debord’s thought. The second part focuses on the analysis of The Society of the Spectacle within its historical and theoretical context, with special emphasis on the concept of “spectacle.” Chapter 4 examines the relationship between spectacle and alienation, while Chapter 5 delves into the concepts of fetishism and reification, in order to clarify the critical and transformative scope of Situationist theory.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/100595