This thesis analyses the abolitionist movement as a political campaign and visual attempt to resist 19th-century America's dehumanisation of African Americans, with a specific emphasis on Frederick Douglass’s first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. The central hypothesis is that abolitionism worked on two levels: on one side, through political speeches and reforms; on the other, through literature and images that affirmed the dignity and visibility of Black people in public life. The first part of the analysis focuses on Douglass's first autobiography, which is both a personal testimony of slavery and a work in support of abolition. The vivid and concrete description of violence and the following trauma allows readers to imagine the reality of slavery, promoting resistance. This is followed by an examination of Douglass's visual practices, which include daguerreotypes and portraits used to construct an image strong enough to counter the racist caricatures in vogue in the 19th century. As one of the most photographed figures of his time, he turned photography into a political communication weapon, alongside his labours as a writer. Another focal point is the examination of the use of pamphlets, illustrations, and posters in abolitionist propaganda, as they were a functional tool in evoking rage or shame. The final part of the thesis explores the aftermath Douglass inspired, tracing how his words and pictures impacted audiences in the United States and Great Britain, and how they contributed to the understanding of African American struggles, as well as the later-born American Civil Rights Movement. Through his words and pictures, Douglass put injustice in the spotlight and successfully encouraged action.
Questa tesi analizza il movimento abolizionista come fenomeno politico e strategia visiva volta a contrastare la disumanizzazione degli afroamericani nella società americana del XIX secolo, con particolare attenzione a Frederick Douglass e alla sua prima autobiografia Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. L’analisi sostiene che l’abolizionismo operava su due livelli: da un lato attraverso discorsi politici e riforme, dall’altro mediante letteratura e immagini, strumenti con cui si affermava la dignità e la visibilità delle persone di colore nella vita pubblica. La prima parte si concentra sulla prima autobiografia di Douglass, un racconto della schiavitù vissuto in prima persona e divenuto manifesto per l’abolizione. La descrizione così vivida della violenza subita e dei traumi conseguenti permette ai lettori di percepire la realtà della schiavitù come se fossero essi stessi sottoposti a tale condizione e da ciò probabilmente scaturisce l’idea di dare vita a una resistenza collettiva. La tesi approfondirà, inoltre, le strategie visive di Douglass, tra cui l’utilizzo di dagherrotipi e ritratti, impiegati per costruire un’immagine capace di contrastare le caricature razziste dell’epoca. Essendo Douglass una delle figure più fotografate del suo tempo, riuscì a trasformare la fotografia da semplice immagine statica a strumento dinamico di comunicazione politica, affiancandola alla scrittura. Verrà altresì esaminato l’ampio uso di opuscoli, illustrazioni e manifesti nella propaganda abolizionista, strumenti efficaci nel suscitare empatia, indignazione o senso di colpa. L’ultima parte esplora l’impatto a lungo termine di Douglass, mostrando come le sue parole e immagini abbiano influenzato il pubblico, sia negli Stati Uniti che in Gran Bretagna, contribuendo a superare le visioni distorte e discriminatorie sulle lotte afroamericane e anticipando il Movimento per i Diritti Civili degli Afroamericani negli USA. Grazie alle sue parole e alle sue immagini, Douglass ha esposto la lungamente ignorata ingiustizia e ha incoraggiato con successo la resistenza.
The Role of Written and Visual Representations in Frederick Douglass's Abolitionist Advocacy
SCARLATA, BENEDETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis analyses the abolitionist movement as a political campaign and visual attempt to resist 19th-century America's dehumanisation of African Americans, with a specific emphasis on Frederick Douglass’s first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. Written by Himself. The central hypothesis is that abolitionism worked on two levels: on one side, through political speeches and reforms; on the other, through literature and images that affirmed the dignity and visibility of Black people in public life. The first part of the analysis focuses on Douglass's first autobiography, which is both a personal testimony of slavery and a work in support of abolition. The vivid and concrete description of violence and the following trauma allows readers to imagine the reality of slavery, promoting resistance. This is followed by an examination of Douglass's visual practices, which include daguerreotypes and portraits used to construct an image strong enough to counter the racist caricatures in vogue in the 19th century. As one of the most photographed figures of his time, he turned photography into a political communication weapon, alongside his labours as a writer. Another focal point is the examination of the use of pamphlets, illustrations, and posters in abolitionist propaganda, as they were a functional tool in evoking rage or shame. The final part of the thesis explores the aftermath Douglass inspired, tracing how his words and pictures impacted audiences in the United States and Great Britain, and how they contributed to the understanding of African American struggles, as well as the later-born American Civil Rights Movement. Through his words and pictures, Douglass put injustice in the spotlight and successfully encouraged action.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101098