The Strawberry Blossom Weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest of strawberry and soft fruit crops such as raspberry and blackberry, on which it causes significant damage by severing flower buds and, in recent years, feeding on fruits. Despite its economic relevance, knowledge on the natural enemies of SBW remains limited. This thesis project aims to investigate the parasitoids community of SBW in the Province of Trento (North-East Italy), combining taxonomic, ecological, and biological approaches, to assess their potential role as natural enemies in both biological control programs and integrated pest management strategies. Firstly, the study focuses on the identification of parasitoid species previously reared from SBW-severed buds specimens collected between 2019 and 2024, using material preserved at the Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM). Subsequently, during the 2025 growing season, field surveys have been carried out in several areas of Trentino (Valle dei Laghi–Drena, Valsugana–Pergine, Val di Sole–Bozzana, Valli Giudicarie–Campo Lomaso), in order to extend the ecological analysis. Flower buds from cultivated and wild host plants were sampled and maintained in emergence boxes to monitor SBW and parasitoids emergence. Moreover, laboratory trials were conducted on the most relevant parasitoid species to investigate key biological traits, including developing time, adult longevity under different feeding regimes (water, Typha spp. pollen, honey), and host stage preference. Across all years of investigation (2019–2025), taxonomic analyses confirmed Triaspis sp. as the predominant parasitoid genus associated with SBW, followed, with lower abundance, by Bracon sp., Eurytoma sp., and members of the family Pteromalidae. In 2025, parasitization rates were generally low across the five sampled farms, except for the farm in Drena, which showed a higher average parasitization (10%), with peaks reaching 88% in the late season. Regarding the key species Triaspis sp., new insights were obtained on adult longevity under different feeding regimes, early host-stage parasitization, and development time. However, further investigations are needed to better understand the ecological factors affecting parasitoid composition and abundance, especially in view of their potential use in future biological control programs.
L’Antonomo della fragola, Anthonomus rubi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), è un fitofago chiave nelle coltivazioni di fragola e piccoli frutti, come lampone e mora, sulle quali provoca danni significativi attraverso la recisione dei boccioli e, da alcuni anni, l’alimentazione sui frutti. Nonostante la sua rilevanza economica, le conoscenze sui suoi nemici naturali rimangono ancora limitate. Questa tesi ha l’obiettivo di studiare la comunità di parassitoidi associati ad A. rubi in Provincia di Trento (Italia nord-orientale), adottando un approccio integrato di tipo tassonomico, biologico ed ecologico, allo scopo di valutarne il possibile ruolo come nemici naturali nell’ambito di strategie di lotta biologica e difesa integrata. In una prima fase, lo studio si è concentrato sull’identificazione delle specie di parassitoidi ottenute da boccioli recisi da A. rubi raccolti tra il 2019 e il 2024 e conservati presso la Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM). Successivamente, nella stagione vegetativa 2025, sono stati effettuati campionamenti in campo in diverse aree del Trentino (Valle dei Laghi–Drena, Valsugana–Pergine, Val di Sole–Bozzana, Valli Giudicarie–Campo Lomaso), con l’obiettivo di estendere l’indagine ecologica. I boccioli prelevati da piante ospiti coltivate e spontanee sono stati posti in fotoeclettori per monitorare lo sfarfallamento degli adulti di A. rubi e dei suoi parassitoidi. Inoltre, sono state condotte prove di laboratorio sulle specie di parassitoidi più rilevanti, al fine di studiare i principali aspetti biologici, come il periodo di sviluppo in relazione alla pianta ospite, la longevità degli adulti alimentati con diverse diete (acqua, polline di Typha spp., miele) e lo stadio di parassitizzazione dell’ospite. Nel complesso degli anni di indagine (2019–2025), le analisi tassonomiche hanno confermato Triaspis sp. come il genere predominante associato a SBW, seguito, con abbondanze inferiori, da Bracon sp., Eurytoma sp. e membri della famiglia Pteromalidae. Nel 2025, i tassi di parassitizzazione sono risultati generalmente bassi nei cinque siti campionati, ad eccezione dell’azienda di Drena, che ha mostrato una parassitizzazione media più elevata (10%), con picchi fino all’88% a fine stagione. Per quanto riguarda la specie chiave Triaspis sp., sono state acquisite nuove informazioni sulla longevità degli adulti in relazione alla dieta, sulla preferenza dello stadio di parassitizzazione e sul periodo di sviluppo. Tuttavia, sono necessarie ulteriori indagini per comprendere meglio i fattori ecologici che influenzano la composizione e l’abbondanza della comunità di parassitoidi, soprattutto in vista di un loro potenziale impiego in futuri programmi di lotta biologica.
Il complesso dei parassitoidi dell’Antonomo della fragola (Anthonomus rubi, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) nella Provincia di Trento: indagine faunistica, ecologia di comunità e parametri biologici delle specie chiave
SPERANZA, MATTEO
2024/2025
Abstract
The Strawberry Blossom Weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a key pest of strawberry and soft fruit crops such as raspberry and blackberry, on which it causes significant damage by severing flower buds and, in recent years, feeding on fruits. Despite its economic relevance, knowledge on the natural enemies of SBW remains limited. This thesis project aims to investigate the parasitoids community of SBW in the Province of Trento (North-East Italy), combining taxonomic, ecological, and biological approaches, to assess their potential role as natural enemies in both biological control programs and integrated pest management strategies. Firstly, the study focuses on the identification of parasitoid species previously reared from SBW-severed buds specimens collected between 2019 and 2024, using material preserved at the Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM). Subsequently, during the 2025 growing season, field surveys have been carried out in several areas of Trentino (Valle dei Laghi–Drena, Valsugana–Pergine, Val di Sole–Bozzana, Valli Giudicarie–Campo Lomaso), in order to extend the ecological analysis. Flower buds from cultivated and wild host plants were sampled and maintained in emergence boxes to monitor SBW and parasitoids emergence. Moreover, laboratory trials were conducted on the most relevant parasitoid species to investigate key biological traits, including developing time, adult longevity under different feeding regimes (water, Typha spp. pollen, honey), and host stage preference. Across all years of investigation (2019–2025), taxonomic analyses confirmed Triaspis sp. as the predominant parasitoid genus associated with SBW, followed, with lower abundance, by Bracon sp., Eurytoma sp., and members of the family Pteromalidae. In 2025, parasitization rates were generally low across the five sampled farms, except for the farm in Drena, which showed a higher average parasitization (10%), with peaks reaching 88% in the late season. Regarding the key species Triaspis sp., new insights were obtained on adult longevity under different feeding regimes, early host-stage parasitization, and development time. However, further investigations are needed to better understand the ecological factors affecting parasitoid composition and abundance, especially in view of their potential use in future biological control programs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101188