The study aims to reconstruct, from a historical-legal perspective, the evolution of the crime of sexual violence in Italian criminal law, from the entry into force of the Zanardelli Code, in 1889, to L. 66/1996. On of the main focuses is the transition from the Zanardelli Code, which placed such offense among the crimes against public morality and decency, to the Rocco Code, which reaffirmed its classification within the scope of crimes for the protection of morality and family order, reflecting the ideological and political demands of the fascist regime. The analysis then focuses on the long and complex process that, starting in the 1970s, led to a progressive redefinition of the crime, culminating in the recognition of sexual violence as an offense to personal freedom and sexual self-determination, enshrined in the 1996 reform. Through an examination of legal doctrine, case law, and parliamentary debate, the thesis highlights how the legislative shift reflects a broader cultural and social transformation, marked by the affirmation of the principles of equality and the decisive role of feminist movements, which contributed to shifting the focus of criminal protection from collective and family interests to individual dignity.
La ricerca si propone di ricostruire, in una prospettiva storico-giuridica, l’evoluzione della disciplina della violenza sessuale nel diritto penale italiano, dall’entrata in vigore del Codice Zanardelli, nel 1889, sino alla legge 15 febbraio 1996, n. 66. Lo studio si sofferma in particolare sul passaggio dal Codice Zanardelli, che collocava tali condotte tra i delitti contro la moralità pubblica e il buon costume, al Codice Rocco, che ne ribadì l’inquadramento nell’alveo dei reati a tutela della moralità e dell’ordine familiare, rispecchiando le istanze ideologiche e politiche del regime fascista. L’analisi si concentra poi sul lungo e complesso iter che, a partire in particolar modo dagli anni Settanta, condusse a una progressiva ridefinizione della fattispecie, fino al riconoscimento della violenza sessuale quale offesa alla libertà personale e all’autodeterminazione sessuale della persona, sancito con la riforma del 1996. Attraverso l’esame della dottrina, della giurisprudenza e del dibattito parlamentare, la tesi evidenzia come il mutamento legislativo rifletta una più ampia trasformazione culturale e sociale, segnata dall’affermazione dei principi di uguaglianza e dal ruolo determinante delle istanze femministe, che hanno contribuito a spostare il baricentro della tutela penale da interessi collettivi e familiari alla dignità individuale.
Il delitto di violenza sessuale nell'Italia del Novecento: riforme legislative, giurisprudenza e coscienza sociale
SIRAGUSA, GIORGIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The study aims to reconstruct, from a historical-legal perspective, the evolution of the crime of sexual violence in Italian criminal law, from the entry into force of the Zanardelli Code, in 1889, to L. 66/1996. On of the main focuses is the transition from the Zanardelli Code, which placed such offense among the crimes against public morality and decency, to the Rocco Code, which reaffirmed its classification within the scope of crimes for the protection of morality and family order, reflecting the ideological and political demands of the fascist regime. The analysis then focuses on the long and complex process that, starting in the 1970s, led to a progressive redefinition of the crime, culminating in the recognition of sexual violence as an offense to personal freedom and sexual self-determination, enshrined in the 1996 reform. Through an examination of legal doctrine, case law, and parliamentary debate, the thesis highlights how the legislative shift reflects a broader cultural and social transformation, marked by the affirmation of the principles of equality and the decisive role of feminist movements, which contributed to shifting the focus of criminal protection from collective and family interests to individual dignity.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101409