Introduction and background: Premature ventricular beats (PVBs) are a common finding during pre-participation screening (PPS) in competitive athletes. Although in the majority of athletes ventricular ectopy is idiopathic and benign, in some cases it represents a manifestation of an underlying cardiac disease associated with a potential risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Aim: To identify which characteristics of PVBs recorded during exercise stress test and 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring are predictors of underlying structural heart disease. Conclusions: PVBs in athletes may represent the only manifestation of a cardiac disease at risk of SCD. It is desirable to expand the current literature to identify new determinants (detectable during first-line PPS) useful for stratifying the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our sample, 32% of athletes with PVBs were diagnosed with non-ischemic heart disease at risk of SCD, and multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors of disease: (1) positive personal history of exertional syncope or pre-syncope; (2) polymorphic PVBs; (3) reproducible PVBs; (4) PVBs with Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) morphology, non-inferior axis, and intrinsicoid deflection (ID) > 80 ms or a broad, monophasic R-wave in V1; the last one appeared to be particularly predictive. Finally, a weighted multiparametric score was developed to stratify the post-test probability of heart disease in athletes with ventricular ectopy.
Introduzione e background: Le extrasistoli ventricolari (PVBs - premature ventricular beats) sono un riscontro frequente durante lo screening medico-sportivo (PPS) in atleti agonisti. Benché nella maggior parte degli atleti l’extrasistolia ventricolare sia idiopatica e benigna, in alcuni casi essa è manifestazione di una sottostante patologia cardiaca con potenziale rischio di morte improvvisa (SCD). Obiettivo: Individuare quali caratteristiche dei PVBs registrati al test ergometrico ed al monitoraggio ECG Holter delle 24 ore siano predittori della presenza di sottostante cardiopatia strutturale. Conclusioni: Le PVBs negli atleti possono essere l'unica manifestazione di patologia cardiaca a rischio di SCD. È auspicabile ampliare la letteratura per identificare nuovi determinanti (rilevabili nel PPS di I livello) utili a stratificare il rischio di patologia cardiovascolare. Nel nostro campione, il 32% degli atleti con PVBs ha ricevuto diagnosi di cardiopatia non ischemica a rischio di SCD e l’analisi multivariata ha identificato quattro predittori indipendenti di patologia: (1) anamnesi personale positiva per sincope o pre-sincope da sforzo; (2) PVBs polimorfi; (3) PVBs riproducibili; (4) PVBs con morfologia a blocco di branca destra, asse non-inferiore e deflessione intrinsecoide > 80 ms o onda R ampia e monofasica in V1, quest’ultima risulterebbe particolarmente predittiva. Infine, è stato prodotto uno score multiparametrico pesato per stratificare la probabilità post- test di cardiopatia in atleti con extrasistoli.
Sviluppo di un algoritmo decisionale per la prescrizione di esami avanzati in atleti con aritmie ventricolari
BERTOLDI, MARCO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction and background: Premature ventricular beats (PVBs) are a common finding during pre-participation screening (PPS) in competitive athletes. Although in the majority of athletes ventricular ectopy is idiopathic and benign, in some cases it represents a manifestation of an underlying cardiac disease associated with a potential risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Aim: To identify which characteristics of PVBs recorded during exercise stress test and 24-hour Holter ECG monitoring are predictors of underlying structural heart disease. Conclusions: PVBs in athletes may represent the only manifestation of a cardiac disease at risk of SCD. It is desirable to expand the current literature to identify new determinants (detectable during first-line PPS) useful for stratifying the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our sample, 32% of athletes with PVBs were diagnosed with non-ischemic heart disease at risk of SCD, and multivariate analysis identified four independent predictors of disease: (1) positive personal history of exertional syncope or pre-syncope; (2) polymorphic PVBs; (3) reproducible PVBs; (4) PVBs with Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) morphology, non-inferior axis, and intrinsicoid deflection (ID) > 80 ms or a broad, monophasic R-wave in V1; the last one appeared to be particularly predictive. Finally, a weighted multiparametric score was developed to stratify the post-test probability of heart disease in athletes with ventricular ectopy.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101509