In his book “A Sand County Almanac”, Aldo Leopold described our society as being “like a hypochondriac, so obsessed with its own economic health as to have lost the capacity to remain healthy” (Leopold, 1949, p.xxxii). We are not without proof of the negative consequences of this society “of growth”, including but not limited to: environmental degradation, social injustice, and the downturn of people’s physical and mental health. Still, it is crucial to keep in mind that not all human societies took such a destructive turn. Descola called it “naturalism”, one of four ontologies characterized by a major distinction between nature and culture. Deriving from this division is a utilitarian attitude and exploitation of natural resources. Challenging our perception of the non-human world is key to starting to turn the tables. Anthropology plays an essential role by opening our eyes to alternative worldviews that value harmony and interconnectedness with the Earth. Implementing aspects of these different traditions would lead to a much-needed revolution, expanding on two levels: sociocultural and psychological. The former relies on the creation of a new organization of collective life, exemplified by the so-called “indigenous” populations: deep knowledge of the land, ability to positively interact with the world, gift economy. The latter focuses on the subjective change, implementing ecopsychological practices that improve our mental and physical well-being through a restored connection with nature. What we need is “a new people, the people that is missing”. (Danowski & De Castro, 2016, p.123)
Nel suo libro “A Sand County Almanac”, Aldo Leopold descrive la nostra società “come un ipocondriaco, così ossessionato dalla sua salute economica da aver perso la capacità di rimanere sano” (Leopold, 1949, p.xxxii). Non siamo senza prove delle conseguenze negative che risultano da questa società “della crescita”, come ad esempio: degradazione ambientale, ingiustizia sociale, e la ricaduta della salute fisica e mentale della popolazione. Nonostante ciò, è cruciale mantenere a mente che non tutte le società umane hanno preso una direzione così distruttiva. Descola la chiama “naturalismo”, una di quattro ontologie caratterizzata da una distinzione significativa tra natura e cultura. Da questa divisione deriva un atteggiamento utilitaristico e sfruttatore delle risorse naturali. Mettere in discussione la nostra percezione del mondo non-umano è fondamentale per cominciare a riformare le cose. L’antropologia gioca un ruolo essenziale, aprendoci gli occhi a visioni del mondo alternative che valorizzano l’armonia e l’interconnessione con la Terra. Sviluppare degli aspetti di queste tradizioni diverse porterebbe ad una rivoluzione di cui c’è infinitamente bisogno: essa si espanderebbe su due livelli, socio-culturale e psicologico. Il primo si basa sulla riorganizzazione della vita collettiva, prendendo spunto dalle popolazioni definite “indigene”: una conoscenza profonda del territorio, l’abilità di interagire positivamente con il mondo, un’economia “del regalo”. La seconda si concentra su di un cambiamento soggettivo, applicando pratiche di natura ecopsicologica, improntate a migliorare il nostro benessere fisico e mentale attraverso una ritrovata connessione con la natura. Ciò di cui abbiamo bisogno è “un nuovo popolo, il popolo che manca”. (Danowski & De Castro, 2016, p.123)
Nature and Culture: why rethinking Western society is the only way to effectively address today’s global crises
MARCHETTI, MARIA SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
In his book “A Sand County Almanac”, Aldo Leopold described our society as being “like a hypochondriac, so obsessed with its own economic health as to have lost the capacity to remain healthy” (Leopold, 1949, p.xxxii). We are not without proof of the negative consequences of this society “of growth”, including but not limited to: environmental degradation, social injustice, and the downturn of people’s physical and mental health. Still, it is crucial to keep in mind that not all human societies took such a destructive turn. Descola called it “naturalism”, one of four ontologies characterized by a major distinction between nature and culture. Deriving from this division is a utilitarian attitude and exploitation of natural resources. Challenging our perception of the non-human world is key to starting to turn the tables. Anthropology plays an essential role by opening our eyes to alternative worldviews that value harmony and interconnectedness with the Earth. Implementing aspects of these different traditions would lead to a much-needed revolution, expanding on two levels: sociocultural and psychological. The former relies on the creation of a new organization of collective life, exemplified by the so-called “indigenous” populations: deep knowledge of the land, ability to positively interact with the world, gift economy. The latter focuses on the subjective change, implementing ecopsychological practices that improve our mental and physical well-being through a restored connection with nature. What we need is “a new people, the people that is missing”. (Danowski & De Castro, 2016, p.123)| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101597