The following work presents the study of a novel disease gene, identified as mutated in a patient affected by a malformation syndrome involving the heart and craniofacial bones, through the use of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The patient carries two variants of the gene, one truncating and one missense, each inherited from a healthy parent and both predicted to be pathogenic. Currently, the function of the human gene and its involvement in any pathology are unknown. In C. elegans, this gene is not only conserved but has also been previously characterized: it has been shown to encode an RNA-binding protein. To investigate the impact of the variants on gene function, these were reproduced at the corresponding position in the orthologous worm gene, and the phenotype of mutant nematodes was analyzed. Specifically, during my time in the laboratory, I conducted experiments aimed at confirming the functional interaction, reported in a previous study, between the gene of interest and the RAS pathway, which in C. elegans regulates several mechanisms, including vulval development. The goal is also to determine whether and how the variants under study may alter this interaction, potentially leading to an imbalance in pathway activation and, subsequently, to abnormal vulval development. The results of these ongoing experiments will also help elucidate the mechanism of action of the two variants and, together with a parallel study conducted in Danio rerio, will contribute to understanding the patient’s clinical presentation and defining the gene’s function.
Il seguente elaborato presenta lo studio di un nuovo gene malattia, identificato mutato in un paziente affetto da sindrome malformativa del cuore e delle ossa facciali, tramite l’utilizzo dell’organismo modello Caenorhabditis elegans. Il paziente presenta due varianti del gene, una troncante e una missenso, ciascuna ereditata da un genitore sano ed entrambe predette come patogeniche. Ad ora, non è nota la funzione del gene umano e il suo coinvolgimento in alcuna patologia. In C. elegans questo gene non solo è conservato, ma è stato anche caratterizzato in precedenza: è stato dimostrato infatti che codifica per una proteina di legame dell’RNA. Per comprendere l’impatto delle varianti sulla funzione del gene, queste sono state riprodotte nella corrispondente posizione del gene ortologo di verme ed è stato analizzato il fenotipo dei nematodi mutanti. Nello specifico, durante il mio periodo in laboratorio sono stati condotti alcuni esperimenti volti a confermare l’interazione funzionale, riportata in un precedente lavoro, tra il gene di interesse e il pathway di RAS, che in C. elegans controlla diversi meccanismi, tra cui lo sviluppo della vulva. Lo scopo è inoltre quello di capire se le varianti in esame possano alterare, e come, questa interazione, portando eventualmente ad un disequilibrio nell’attivazione del pathway e successivamente ad un alterato sviluppo della vulva. I risultati di questi esperimenti, che sono attualmente in corso, aiuteranno inoltre a capire il meccanismo di azione delle due varianti e, insieme ad uno studio parallelo condotto su Danio rerio, contribuiranno a comprendere il quadro clinico del paziente e a definire la funzione del gene.
Utilizzo di C. elegans per la caratterizzazione di varianti di significato non noto in geni malattia
MARANDINO, ANTONELLA
2024/2025
Abstract
The following work presents the study of a novel disease gene, identified as mutated in a patient affected by a malformation syndrome involving the heart and craniofacial bones, through the use of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. The patient carries two variants of the gene, one truncating and one missense, each inherited from a healthy parent and both predicted to be pathogenic. Currently, the function of the human gene and its involvement in any pathology are unknown. In C. elegans, this gene is not only conserved but has also been previously characterized: it has been shown to encode an RNA-binding protein. To investigate the impact of the variants on gene function, these were reproduced at the corresponding position in the orthologous worm gene, and the phenotype of mutant nematodes was analyzed. Specifically, during my time in the laboratory, I conducted experiments aimed at confirming the functional interaction, reported in a previous study, between the gene of interest and the RAS pathway, which in C. elegans regulates several mechanisms, including vulval development. The goal is also to determine whether and how the variants under study may alter this interaction, potentially leading to an imbalance in pathway activation and, subsequently, to abnormal vulval development. The results of these ongoing experiments will also help elucidate the mechanism of action of the two variants and, together with a parallel study conducted in Danio rerio, will contribute to understanding the patient’s clinical presentation and defining the gene’s function.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101820