This thesis examines the role of structural biology in the modern drug discovery process, with particular focus on Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) and cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). The first part introduces the main strategies of rational drug design and the techniques of structural biology. The structural and functional organization of mitochondrial Complex I is then described, highlighting its central role in oxidative phosphorylation. The final section is dedicated to a case study that clarifies, at the atomic level, the mechanism by which biguanides inhibit Complex I, with particular attention to the IM1092 derivative. Analysis of Cryo-EM structures makes it possible to discuss the three identified binding sites, the selectivity for the deactive state of the enzyme, and the pharmacological implications of these findings, suggesting how such information may guide the design of new, more selective and safer “mitochondria-targeting” drugs.
La presente tesi analizza il ruolo della biologia strutturale nel moderno processo di drug discovery, con particolare attenzione allo Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) e alla microscopia crioelettronica (Cryo-EM). Nella prima parte vengono introdotte le principali strategie di progettazione razionale dei farmaci e le tecniche di biologia strutturale. Successivamente viene descritta l’organizzazione strutturale e funzionale del Complesso I mitocondriale, evidenziandone il ruolo centrale nella fosforilazione ossidativa. La parte finale è dedicata ad un caso di studio che chiarisce a livello atomico il meccanismo di inibizione del Complesso I da parte dei biguanidi, in particolare del derivato IM1092. L’analisi delle strutture Cryo-EM permette di discutere i tre siti di legame identificati, la selettività per lo stato deattivo dell’enzima e le implicazioni farmacologiche di questi risultati, suggerendo come tali informazioni possano guidare la progettazione di nuovi farmaci “mitocondrio-targeting” più selettivi e sicuri.
Cryo-EM e progettazione di farmaci
NASSINI, MARTINA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis examines the role of structural biology in the modern drug discovery process, with particular focus on Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) and cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM). The first part introduces the main strategies of rational drug design and the techniques of structural biology. The structural and functional organization of mitochondrial Complex I is then described, highlighting its central role in oxidative phosphorylation. The final section is dedicated to a case study that clarifies, at the atomic level, the mechanism by which biguanides inhibit Complex I, with particular attention to the IM1092 derivative. Analysis of Cryo-EM structures makes it possible to discuss the three identified binding sites, the selectivity for the deactive state of the enzyme, and the pharmacological implications of these findings, suggesting how such information may guide the design of new, more selective and safer “mitochondria-targeting” drugs.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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documento tesi Martina Nassini.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101821