This thesis explores the evolution of Francophonie in Africa, from its colonial origins to its contemporary transformations. In order to understand its contradictions and its potential as a cultural and geopolitical framework. Based on a corpus of journalistic sources (Le Monde, AP News, France 24, TV5 Monde) and institutional publications (OIF, AFD, UNESCO), the research analyzes the current position of the French language within a continent undergoing profound linguistic and political change. The first chapter traces the origins of Francophonie and its close connection with the French colonial project, showing how the French language evolved from an instrument of domination into a vector of cultural diplomacy and multilateral cooperation. The second chapter examines recent political tensions, notably the withdrawal of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from the OIF ; as well as the decline of the “Françafrique” model and the growing influence of English and African local languages in education and governance. The third chapter focuses on the future of Francophonie in Africa, highlighting the continent’s potential as a center of innovation, education, and digital culture. It shows how young generations, universities, and start-ups are redefining the linguistic and cultural balance of power. The thesis concludes that Francophonie is not in decline but in transformation, shifting from a hierarchical, France-centered system to a plural, decentralized, and genuinely African space of exchange and cooperation.
Ce mémoire examine l’évolution de la Francophonie en Afrique, de ses origines coloniales à ses enjeux contemporains, afin d’en comprendre les contradictions et les potentiels. À travers une analyse fondée sur des sources journalistiques (Le Monde, AP News, France 24, TV5 Monde) et institutionnelles (OIF, AFD, UNESCO), nous examinons la place du français dans un continent en pleine mutation linguistique et géopolitique. La première partie retrace la genèse de la Francophonie et son lien étroit avec le projet colonial français. Elle met en évidence la transition du français, jadis instrument de domination, vers un outil de soft power et de coopération multilatérale. La deuxième partie analyse les tensions actuelles, notamment le retrait du Mali, du Niger et du Burkina Faso de l’OIF, ainsi que la montée des critiques envers la « Françafrique ». Ces évolutions témoignent du recul de l’influence française au profit de nouvelles logiques identitaires et linguistiques, où l’anglais et les langues locales gagnent du terrain. Enfin, la troisième partie envisage l’avenir de la Francophonie africaine : l’Afrique y apparaît comme un espace d’innovation culturelle, éducative et économique, où les jeunes, les universités et les acteurs numériques peuvent redéfinir le sens même du projet francophone. L’étude en conclut que la Francophonie n’est pas en déclin, mais plutôt en transformation : elle tend à devenir un espace pluriel, décentré et africain à part entière.
LA FRANCOPHONIE EN AFRIQUE : DYNAMIQUES POLITIQUES, LINGUISTIQUES ET CULTURELLES ENTRE CRISE ET TRANSFORMATION
EL MEKH, FATIMA ZAHRA
2024/2025
Abstract
This thesis explores the evolution of Francophonie in Africa, from its colonial origins to its contemporary transformations. In order to understand its contradictions and its potential as a cultural and geopolitical framework. Based on a corpus of journalistic sources (Le Monde, AP News, France 24, TV5 Monde) and institutional publications (OIF, AFD, UNESCO), the research analyzes the current position of the French language within a continent undergoing profound linguistic and political change. The first chapter traces the origins of Francophonie and its close connection with the French colonial project, showing how the French language evolved from an instrument of domination into a vector of cultural diplomacy and multilateral cooperation. The second chapter examines recent political tensions, notably the withdrawal of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso from the OIF ; as well as the decline of the “Françafrique” model and the growing influence of English and African local languages in education and governance. The third chapter focuses on the future of Francophonie in Africa, highlighting the continent’s potential as a center of innovation, education, and digital culture. It shows how young generations, universities, and start-ups are redefining the linguistic and cultural balance of power. The thesis concludes that Francophonie is not in decline but in transformation, shifting from a hierarchical, France-centered system to a plural, decentralized, and genuinely African space of exchange and cooperation.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/101925