The study of epigenetic modifications and their detection from non-invasive pre-samples is an area of great interest for the development of increasingly advanced methods in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. In this context, new experimental approaches are being developed that can detect very low fractions of circulating tumour DNA, known as ctDNA. Specific panels of tumour biomarkers have been identified which, when used in multiplex PCR analysis, often show reduced efficiency due to competition between primers and dimers, and the intrinsic limitations of PCR itself. Based on these considerations, article 10 of this paper describes the development of a digital PCR (dPCR) approach aimed at improving analytical performance and increasing specificity in sample analysis, although this method has limited multiplexing capabilities. An analysis of samples using dPCR was therefore proposed, capable of simultaneously detecting the methylation of four biomarkers derived from liquid biopsies of patients with suspected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Finally, the clinical utility of this method was evaluated on a pool of 72 clinical samples of non-invasive liquid biopsies from patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules that tested positive on CT (computed tomography). The analysis shows superior clinical performance compared to Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), demonstrating an analytical specificity of multiplex detection of approximately 0.0005%.
Lo studio delle modificazioni epigenetiche e il loro rilevamento a partire da pre-lievi non invasivi rappresentano un ambito di grande interesse per lo sviluppo di metodiche sempre più avanzate nella prevenzione di patologie come il cancro. In questo contesto, si stanno sviluppando nuovi approcci sperimentali in grado di individuare frazioni molto basse di DNA tumorale circolante, denominato ctDNA. Sono stati quindi identificati specifici pannelli di biomarcatori tumorali che, uti-lizzati in analisi di PCR in multiplex, spesso mostrano un’efficienza ridotta a causa della competizione tra primer e dimeri, e delle limitazioni intrinseche del-la PCR stessa. Sulla base di queste considerazioni, l’articolo oggetto 10 del presente elaborato descrive lo sviluppo di un approccio di PCR digitale (dPCR) volto a migliorare le prestazioni analitiche e ad aumentare la specificità nell’analisi dei campioni, sebbene tale metodica presenti capacità di multiplexing limitate. È stata quindi proposta un’analisi dei campioni mediante dPCR in grado di rile-vare simultaneamente la metilazione di quattro biomarcatori derivanti da biopsie liquide di pazienti con sospetto carcinoma polmonare non a cellule piccole (NSCLC). Infine, l’utilità clinica di tale metodica è stata valutata su un pool di 72 campioni clinici di biopsie liquide non invasive provenienti da pazienti con noduli polmo-nari indeterminati risultati positivi alla TC (tomografia computerizzata). L’analisi evidenzia prestazioni cliniche superiori rispetto alla Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), dimostrando una specificità analitica di rilevamento mul-tiplex di circa 0,0005%.
Sviluppo e validazione di un metodo basato su mdMSP (Multiplex Digital Methylation-Specific PCR) per l’analisi del metiloma da biopsia liquida nel carcinoma polmonare non a piccole cellule (NSCLC)
TONIOLO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
The study of epigenetic modifications and their detection from non-invasive pre-samples is an area of great interest for the development of increasingly advanced methods in the prevention of diseases such as cancer. In this context, new experimental approaches are being developed that can detect very low fractions of circulating tumour DNA, known as ctDNA. Specific panels of tumour biomarkers have been identified which, when used in multiplex PCR analysis, often show reduced efficiency due to competition between primers and dimers, and the intrinsic limitations of PCR itself. Based on these considerations, article 10 of this paper describes the development of a digital PCR (dPCR) approach aimed at improving analytical performance and increasing specificity in sample analysis, although this method has limited multiplexing capabilities. An analysis of samples using dPCR was therefore proposed, capable of simultaneously detecting the methylation of four biomarkers derived from liquid biopsies of patients with suspected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Finally, the clinical utility of this method was evaluated on a pool of 72 clinical samples of non-invasive liquid biopsies from patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules that tested positive on CT (computed tomography). The analysis shows superior clinical performance compared to Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP), demonstrating an analytical specificity of multiplex detection of approximately 0.0005%.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102178