"The Modigliana landslide of May 2023: monitoring systems and analysis of displacements"

In May 2023, Emilia Romagna was affected by an exceptional meteorological event, characterized by precipitations of high intensity and duration. The heavy rains triggered a high number of landslides with serious consequences on the territory, infrastructure and local communities. Considering the above context, this thesis focuses on the analysis of a landslide that occurred in conjunction with the event, located around the Romagna Apennines, particularly vulnerable to slope instability phenomena. The aim of the work was to understand in detail the evolutionary dynamics of the landslide, through an integrated approach that combines the geological characterization of the slope, the rainfall event, the instrumental control and the numerical modelling of the stability. The monitoring system installed includes a weather station, a total station, GPS, reflectors and strain extensimeters capable of recording the detect small dimensional deformations of a body subjected to mechanical stress. The collected data were processed to define the relationship between rainfall and landslide movements, highlighting significant rainfall thresholds and differentiated slope responses depending on local hydrogeological conditions. A comparison was also conducted between the different types of monitoring data and the results of the numerical stability models, to validate the simulations and identify any discrepancies between the observed and predicted behaviour. The results obtained highlight the usefulness of an integrated monitoring system for the prediction and management of landslide events. The methodology adopted represents a valid tool for the mitigation of hydrogeological risk and the protection of the territory, especially in Apennine contexts with high susceptibility to landslides.