Introduction: Breastfeeding represents a crucial element in the care of premature infants, not only for its nutritional contribution but also for the immunological, digestive, and relational benefits it provides. In preterm infants, however, the initiation of breastfeeding can be complex due to physiological and neurological immaturity, which hinders effective sucking and the coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing. In this context, breast milk takes on even greater significance: it is considered a true “therapeutic intervention,” capable of reducing the risk of serious complications. Promoting breastfeeding, supporting mothers in the process of milk expression and maintenance, and encouraging early contact with the newborn are fundamental strategies in the care of both mother and infant. Objective: To promote the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding while ensuring the health of both mother and baby. Materials and Methods: The review was conducted through PubMed databases, WHO guidelines, nursing and midwifery journals, and textbooks. An initial total of 334 articles were reviewed, from which 27 were ultimately selected and summarized. Results: From the literature review, the main barriers to breastfeeding in preterm infants emerged as early separation from the mother due to hospitalization, physiological challenges linked to the infant’s immaturity, and organizational difficulties related to logistics and care practices. The most effective strategies to promote the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding were identified as skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and especially Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which proved to be the most suitable for preterm infants due to its positive effects on growth, clinical stability, and mother–infant bonding. Keywords: breastfeeding, preterm infants, low birth weight, barriers to breastfeeding, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding support, kangaroo mother care, skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in
Introduzione: L’allattamento rappresenta un elemento cruciale nella cura del neonato prematuro, non solo per l’apporto nutrizionale, ma anche per i benefici immunologici, digestivi e relazionali che favorisce. Nei nati pretermine, tuttavia, l’avvio dell’allattamento può essere complesso a causa dell’immaturità fisiologica e neurologica che ostacola la suzione efficace e la coordinazione tra suzione, deglutizione e respirazione. In questo contesto, il latte materno assume un valore ancora più rilevante: è considerato un vero e proprio “intervento terapeutico”, capace di ridurre il rischio di complicanze gravi. Promuovere l’allattamento, sostenere la madre nel percorso di estrazione e mantenimento della produzione lattea, e favorire il contatto precoce con il neonato sono strategie fondamentali all’interno dell’assistenza a mamma e neonato. Obiettivo: Favorire l’avvio e il mantenimento dell’allattamento al seno garantendo la salute di mamma e bambino. Materiali e Metodi: La revisione è stata condotta tramite le banche dati di PubMed, linee guida dell’OMS, testi e riviste infermieristiche e ostetriche. Sono stati revisionati inizialmente 334 articoli per poi arrivare a selezionarne e schematizzarne 27 in totale. Risultati: Dalla revisione della letteratura sono emerse come principali barriere all’allattamento nei neonati pretermine l’allontanamento precoce dalla madre dovuto al ricovero, le problematiche fisiologiche legate all’immaturità del neonato e le difficoltà organizzative, che riguardano la parte logistica e assistenziale. Le strategie più efficaci per favorire l’avvio e il mantenimento dell’allattamento sono risultate il contatto pelle a pelle (skin to skin), il rooming-in e, soprattutto, la Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), che si è dimostrata la più adatta ai neonati pretermine per i suoi effetti positivi su crescita, stabilità clinica e legame madre-bambino. Parole chiave: breastfeeding, preterm infants, low birth weight, barriers to breastfeeding, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding support, kangaroo mother care, skin to skin contact, rooming-in
Contatto, Cura e Nutrizione: Allattamento e Strategie di supporto nei neonati prematuri. Revisione della letteratura
DA COL, AURORA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Breastfeeding represents a crucial element in the care of premature infants, not only for its nutritional contribution but also for the immunological, digestive, and relational benefits it provides. In preterm infants, however, the initiation of breastfeeding can be complex due to physiological and neurological immaturity, which hinders effective sucking and the coordination between sucking, swallowing, and breathing. In this context, breast milk takes on even greater significance: it is considered a true “therapeutic intervention,” capable of reducing the risk of serious complications. Promoting breastfeeding, supporting mothers in the process of milk expression and maintenance, and encouraging early contact with the newborn are fundamental strategies in the care of both mother and infant. Objective: To promote the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding while ensuring the health of both mother and baby. Materials and Methods: The review was conducted through PubMed databases, WHO guidelines, nursing and midwifery journals, and textbooks. An initial total of 334 articles were reviewed, from which 27 were ultimately selected and summarized. Results: From the literature review, the main barriers to breastfeeding in preterm infants emerged as early separation from the mother due to hospitalization, physiological challenges linked to the infant’s immaturity, and organizational difficulties related to logistics and care practices. The most effective strategies to promote the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding were identified as skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in, and especially Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), which proved to be the most suitable for preterm infants due to its positive effects on growth, clinical stability, and mother–infant bonding. Keywords: breastfeeding, preterm infants, low birth weight, barriers to breastfeeding, breastfeeding initiation, breastfeeding support, kangaroo mother care, skin-to-skin contact, rooming-in| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102343