Introduction: Liver transplantation is currently the gold standard treatment for many end-stage liver diseases. The long-term survival of transplant recipients depends not only on the surgical procedure but also requires careful management of the postoperative course, characterized by continuous immunosuppressive therapy, regular follow-up, and prevention of complications. The complexity of this care pathway requires the active involvement of nurses, who contribute to patient education, clinical monitoring, and support in the daily management of this new condition. Active nurse involvement is essential in the transplant process. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to highlight the importance of the nurse's role in the management of liver transplant recipients, identifying interventions they can implement to promote treatment adherence and improve follow-up, thus ensuring a safe post-transplant care journey with improved clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: The literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and online databases. Scientific articles published between 2010 and 2025, available in full-text format in English or Italian, and focusing on the human population were selected. Articles were identified by combining keywords using the Boolean operator AND. Results: Analysis of the 12 selected articles shows that adherence to drug therapy is a frequent problem that contributes to reduced long-term survival of the new organ, increasing the risk of complications. Interventions such as therapeutic simplification, the use of digital technologies, the application of telemedicine, and patient education have a positive impact on patient compliance. Follow-up is also crucial as it allows for early identification of signs of rejection, infections, or adverse effects of therapy, allowing for immediate resolution. Managing transplant patients requires a multidisciplinary approach to increase compliance; in fact, it requires not only the participation of the nurse but also the involvement of other professionals to treat the patient from different perspectives. Conclusions: The research shows that the management of liver transplant patients requires structured intervention from the early stages of the postoperative care. The nurse's role is crucial in supporting treatment adherence and coordinating follow-up, collaborating in a multidisciplinary setting. Keywords: liver transplant, follow-up, education, nursing care, complications, immunosuppressive therapy
Introduzione: il trapianto di fegato rappresenta oggi il trattamento di riferimento per molte patologie epatiche in fase terminale. La sopravvivenza a lungo termine del paziente trapiantato non dipende solo dalla procedura chirurgica, ma richiede una gestione accurata del decorso post-operatorio, caratterizzato da terapia immunosoppressiva continuativa, follow-up regolare e prevenzione delle complicanze. La complessità di tale percorso assistenziale rende necessario il coinvolgimento attivo dell’infermiere che contribuisce all’educazione del paziente, al monitoraggio clinico e al supporto nella gestione quotidiana della nuova condizione. Il coinvolgimento attivo dell’infermiere è essenziale nel processo trapiantologico. Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questa revisione della letteratura è sottolineare l’importanza del ruolo dell’infermiere nella gestione del paziente sottoposto a trapianto di fegato, individuando gli interventi che può mettere in atto per favorire l’aderenza terapeutica e migliorare il follow-up, al fine di garantire un percorso post-trapiantologico sicuri con migliori esiti clinici. Materiali e metodi: la revisione della letteratura è eseguita consultando le banche dati di PubMed, Google Scholar e siti internet. Sono stati selezionati articoli scientifici pubblicati dal 2010 al 2025, disponibili in formato full-test in lingua inglese o italiana, aventi come oggetto la popolazione umana. Gli articoli sono stati individuati attraverso la combinazione delle parole chiave tramite l’operatore booleano AND. Risultati: dall’analisi dei 12 articoli selezionati emerge che l’aderenza alla terapia farmacologica è un problema frequente che contribuisce alla riduzione della sopravvivenza a lungo termine del nuovo organo, aggravando il rischio di complicanze. Interventi come la semplificazione terapeutica, l’uso di tecnologie digitali, l’applicazione della telemedicina, l’educazione del paziente hanno un impatto positivo sulla compliance del paziente. Anche il follow-up risulta decisivo in quanto consente di individuare precocemente segni di rigetto, infezioni o effetti avversi della terapia, permettendo di risolverli immediatamente. La gestione del paziente trapiantato richiede un approccio multidisciplinare per aumentare la sua compliance; infatti, non prevede solo la partecipazione dell’infermiere ma anche il coinvolgimento di altre figure professionali per trattare il paziente da diverse prospettive. Conclusioni: Dalla ricerca effettuata emerge che la gestione del paziente sottoposto a trapianto di fegato richiede un intervento strutturato fin dalle prime fasi del percorso post-operatorio. Il ruolo dell’infermiere risulta centrale nel supportare l’aderenza terapeutica e nel coordinare il follow-up collaborando in un contesto multidisciplinare. Parole chiave: liver transplant, follow-up, education, nursing care, complications, immunosuppressive therapy
Il ruolo infermieristico nella gestione del paziente sottoposto a trapianto epatico: aderenza alla terapia, follow-up e gestione delle complicanze
KOUNDI, MARIEM
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction: Liver transplantation is currently the gold standard treatment for many end-stage liver diseases. The long-term survival of transplant recipients depends not only on the surgical procedure but also requires careful management of the postoperative course, characterized by continuous immunosuppressive therapy, regular follow-up, and prevention of complications. The complexity of this care pathway requires the active involvement of nurses, who contribute to patient education, clinical monitoring, and support in the daily management of this new condition. Active nurse involvement is essential in the transplant process. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to highlight the importance of the nurse's role in the management of liver transplant recipients, identifying interventions they can implement to promote treatment adherence and improve follow-up, thus ensuring a safe post-transplant care journey with improved clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: The literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and online databases. Scientific articles published between 2010 and 2025, available in full-text format in English or Italian, and focusing on the human population were selected. Articles were identified by combining keywords using the Boolean operator AND. Results: Analysis of the 12 selected articles shows that adherence to drug therapy is a frequent problem that contributes to reduced long-term survival of the new organ, increasing the risk of complications. Interventions such as therapeutic simplification, the use of digital technologies, the application of telemedicine, and patient education have a positive impact on patient compliance. Follow-up is also crucial as it allows for early identification of signs of rejection, infections, or adverse effects of therapy, allowing for immediate resolution. Managing transplant patients requires a multidisciplinary approach to increase compliance; in fact, it requires not only the participation of the nurse but also the involvement of other professionals to treat the patient from different perspectives. Conclusions: The research shows that the management of liver transplant patients requires structured intervention from the early stages of the postoperative care. The nurse's role is crucial in supporting treatment adherence and coordinating follow-up, collaborating in a multidisciplinary setting. Keywords: liver transplant, follow-up, education, nursing care, complications, immunosuppressive therapy| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102382