The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases make end-of-life care for older adults a key challenge for the nursing profession. At this stage, relationships and communication with patients and their families take on a fundamental therapeutic value to ensure comfort, dignity, and emotional support. Objective: To explore, through a literature review, how relational and communication interventions implemented by nurses can improve the perceived quality of care for older adults at the end of life and support families in the loss process. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted according to the PICO model, consulting the PubMed database. Twenty-three studies published between 2015 and 2025 regarding older adults at the end of life and their caregivers were selected. The outcomes considered included comfort, dignity, psychological well-being, satisfaction, and perceived quality of care. Results: The studies analyzed highlight that empathetic communication, active listening, presence, and linguistic adaptation to the patient's abilities and values are the most effective interventions in promoting comfort and dignity. The nursing relationship promotes serenity, reducing anxiety and feelings of isolation. Supporting family members through clear and continuous dialogue improves understanding, reduces stress, and facilitates the grieving process. The main barriers include workload, limited time, and a lack of training in end-of-life communication.
L’invecchiamento della popolazione e la crescente prevalenza di patologie croniche rendono l’assistenza al fine vita dell’anziano una sfida centrale per la professione infermieristica. In questa fase, la relazione e la comunicazione con il paziente e la sua famiglia assumono un valore terapeutico fondamentale per garantire comfort, dignità e sostegno emotivo. Obiettivo: Esplorare, attraverso una revisione della letteratura, come gli interventi relazionali e comunicativi attuati dagli infermieri possano migliorare la qualità percepita dell’assistenza all’anziano in fase di fine vita e sostenere la famiglia nel processo di perdita. Materiali e metodi È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura secondo il modello PICO, consultando la banca dati PubMed. Sono stati selezionati 23 studi pubblicati tra il 2015 e il 2025, riguardanti persone anziane in fine vita e i loro caregiver. Gli outcome considerati includevano comfort, dignità, benessere psicologico, soddisfazione e qualità percepita delle cure. Risultati: Gli studi analizzati evidenziano che la comunicazione empatica, l’ascolto attivo, la presenza e l’adattamento linguistico alle capacità e ai valori del paziente rappresentano gli interventi più efficaci nel promuovere comfort e dignità. La relazione infermieristica favorisce serenità, riduzione di ansia e senso di isolamento. Il sostegno ai familiari attraverso un dialogo chiaro e continuo migliora la comprensione, riduce lo stress e facilita l’elaborazione del lutto. Barriere principali risultano il carico di lavoro, il tempo limitato e la carenza formativa sulla comunicazione di fine vita.
l'infermiere e la relazione col fine vita nell' anziano e la sua famiglia: oltre la gestione dei sintomi e della malattia
SPATA, VITTORIO
2024/2025
Abstract
The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases make end-of-life care for older adults a key challenge for the nursing profession. At this stage, relationships and communication with patients and their families take on a fundamental therapeutic value to ensure comfort, dignity, and emotional support. Objective: To explore, through a literature review, how relational and communication interventions implemented by nurses can improve the perceived quality of care for older adults at the end of life and support families in the loss process. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted according to the PICO model, consulting the PubMed database. Twenty-three studies published between 2015 and 2025 regarding older adults at the end of life and their caregivers were selected. The outcomes considered included comfort, dignity, psychological well-being, satisfaction, and perceived quality of care. Results: The studies analyzed highlight that empathetic communication, active listening, presence, and linguistic adaptation to the patient's abilities and values are the most effective interventions in promoting comfort and dignity. The nursing relationship promotes serenity, reducing anxiety and feelings of isolation. Supporting family members through clear and continuous dialogue improves understanding, reduces stress, and facilitates the grieving process. The main barriers include workload, limited time, and a lack of training in end-of-life communication.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102402