Post Partum depression has an increasingly profound impact worldwide. It affects 17% pregnant women, and this rate is continuously increasing. Moreover, until a few years ago, investments were mainly made in the diagnosis and its treatment, at the detriment of its preventive aspect. Nowadays, especially northern countries adopt preventive measures, rather than focusing on the treatment. So, they employ preventive non-pharmacological methods. In this sense, they use proven screening tools such as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), cognitive-behavioural therapies, psychological interpersonal measures, prenatal and postnatal courses, domestic support from healthcare professionals such as midwives and nurses, peer-to-peer support groups, and innovative technological methods such as the use of virtual reality or the aid of smartphone’s applications. Aim: the aim of this thesis is to detect which are the Italian and foreign preventive measures, and to define which of them are applicable to the Italian context. To this extent, the focus is also on a feasible betterment of Italian maternal mental health. Methods: the examined scientific articles are taken from official search engines such as Pubmed. The first background part is grounded in articles published between 1960 and 2002. Meanwhile the foreground part is based on publicly consultable articles about adult women aged from 18, published between January 2024 and June 2025. In this way, the available articles provide updated guidelines. Findings: through the analysis of the articles considered, the Italian health gap is at first confirmed. Secondly, five foreign studies, which use the screening methods or innovative technological methods based on applications or virtual reality, are included. These last are protocols or prelaminar findings of in-progress studies. However, every study reveals positive findings. To this extent, research teams expect similar or even better findings, than those of the studies’ conclusion. Conclusion: to conclude, there are many upgradable measures in Italy, such as the health gap caused by the missing medical stuff. However, some methods analysed by foreign countries are applicable in Italy as well, such as using valuable screening tools that are already used in some areas of the territory. Others are applicable as well, such as the use of multimedia applications. However, their use is complex, considering the strict privacy policy and the limited technological ability preventing some women from taking part in the treatment. There are also methods that are not applicable in Italy, due to the lack of healthcare professionals.
Introduzione: la Depressione Post Partum ha un’incidenza sempre più importante a livello globale colpendo circa il 17% delle donne in gravidanza e questo dato è sempre più in aumento. Va inoltre sottolineato che fino a pochi anni fa l’utilizzo delle risorse veniva investito principalmente nella diagnosi di tale patologia e del suo trattamento sminuendo l’aspetto preventivo. Ad oggi, in particolare nei paesi nordici, ci si focalizza maggiormente sotto il punto di vista preventivo piuttosto che di trattamento, individuando metodi preventivi principalmente non farmacologici come strumenti di screening validati come la scala Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), terapie cognitivo-comportamentali, interventi di psicoterapia interpersonale, corsi prenatali e postnatali, supporto domiciliare da parte di professionisti sanitari come ostetriche e infermiere, gruppi di sostegno tra pari e innovative metodologie tecnologiche come l’utilizzo della realtà virtuale o più semplicemente l’ausilio di applicazioni da installare sullo smartphone. Obiettivo: l’obiettivo di questo elaborato di tesi è quello di individuare quali siano gli interventi preventivi utilizzati in Italia e all’estero e capire quali siano applicabili al contesto italiano valutando di conseguenza la possibilità di un miglioramento nella sanità mentale materna italiana. Metodi: è stata eseguita una revisione di letteratura, esaminando articoli scientifici pubblicati su motori di ricerca ufficiali come Pubmed, includendo per la prima parte di background articoli pubblicati dal 1960 al 2002 e per la parte di foreground gli articoli utilizzati trattavano solo donne adulte quindi con un’età 18 anni, con articoli completamente consultabili pubblicati da gennaio 2024 a giugno 2025 in modo da poter avere a disposizione letteratura aggiornata alle linee guida. Risultati: tramite lo studio della letteratura utilizzata è stata inizialmente confermata la disparità sanitaria in Italia, in secondo luogo sono stati trovati cinque studi esteri che presentavano l’utilizzo di strumenti di screening o metodi tecnologici innovativi utilizzando applicazioni o la realtà virtuale, va però precisato che si trattava o di protocolli o di risultati preliminari di studi ancora in corso, ma da tutti gli studi sono emersi risultati positivi pertanto i team di ricerca si aspettano risultati simili o migliori alla conclusione degli studi. Conclusioni: in conclusione si può affermare che a livello italiano vi sono molti fattori migliorabili, in primo luogo la disparità sanitaria presente e la carenza di personale, tuttavia delle metodologie studiate dai paesi estere ne troviamo alcune facilmente applicabili in Italia come l’utilizzo di strumenti di screening validati soprattutto perché in parte del territorio già vengono utilizzati, altri sono applicabili anche se in maniera più complessa come l’utilizzo di applicazioni multimediali vista la rigida politica sulla privacy e la scarsa conoscenza tecnologica che alcune donne hanno impedendo loro di poter aderire a tale trattamento. Altri metodi non sono applicabili in Italia a causa della mancanza di personale sanitario.
La Depressione Postpartum e le strategie preventive non farmacologiche nella promozione della salute mentale materna
BERNARDI, SOFIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Post Partum depression has an increasingly profound impact worldwide. It affects 17% pregnant women, and this rate is continuously increasing. Moreover, until a few years ago, investments were mainly made in the diagnosis and its treatment, at the detriment of its preventive aspect. Nowadays, especially northern countries adopt preventive measures, rather than focusing on the treatment. So, they employ preventive non-pharmacological methods. In this sense, they use proven screening tools such as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), cognitive-behavioural therapies, psychological interpersonal measures, prenatal and postnatal courses, domestic support from healthcare professionals such as midwives and nurses, peer-to-peer support groups, and innovative technological methods such as the use of virtual reality or the aid of smartphone’s applications. Aim: the aim of this thesis is to detect which are the Italian and foreign preventive measures, and to define which of them are applicable to the Italian context. To this extent, the focus is also on a feasible betterment of Italian maternal mental health. Methods: the examined scientific articles are taken from official search engines such as Pubmed. The first background part is grounded in articles published between 1960 and 2002. Meanwhile the foreground part is based on publicly consultable articles about adult women aged from 18, published between January 2024 and June 2025. In this way, the available articles provide updated guidelines. Findings: through the analysis of the articles considered, the Italian health gap is at first confirmed. Secondly, five foreign studies, which use the screening methods or innovative technological methods based on applications or virtual reality, are included. These last are protocols or prelaminar findings of in-progress studies. However, every study reveals positive findings. To this extent, research teams expect similar or even better findings, than those of the studies’ conclusion. Conclusion: to conclude, there are many upgradable measures in Italy, such as the health gap caused by the missing medical stuff. However, some methods analysed by foreign countries are applicable in Italy as well, such as using valuable screening tools that are already used in some areas of the territory. Others are applicable as well, such as the use of multimedia applications. However, their use is complex, considering the strict privacy policy and the limited technological ability preventing some women from taking part in the treatment. There are also methods that are not applicable in Italy, due to the lack of healthcare professionals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102713