PROBLEM: Blood is a natural product that cannot be reproduced artificially and is essential for life. In 2023, according to the National Blood Centre, 3,019,471 donations were made, with 638,046 patients receiving transfusions during the year. In 2024, there were approximately 3 million donations, enabling 1,755 patients to receive transfusions every day. According to the following report, out of a total of 1,678,573 donors, the 46-55 age group (29%) is the most active in terms of donations, while the 18-25 age group is the least active (12%). The progressive ageing of the population is responsible both for an increase in the number of people excluded from donation due to age limits and for a growing need for blood. This trend, together with reduced generational turnover, highlights the need to maintain a constant flow of donations to meet growing demand and to raise awareness and involve young people. PURPOSE: To conduct a short educational intervention on a voluntary basis, with the aim of raising awareness among students of the Nursing Degree Course about blood donation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention both in terms of adherence to the promise to donate and in terms of satisfaction by completing a satisfaction questionnaire. METHODS AND TOOLS: The educational intervention, lasting one hour and carried out on a voluntary basis, was conducted by a nurse experienced in health promotion, an AVIS donor and volunteer, and by the student, author of the thesis, in the role of peer educator and donor. The methodology used was inspired by an awareness-raising intervention model implemented at the secondary school complex in Mirano (Venice) and subsequently extended to Dolo (Venice). The intervention had the following characteristics: - moving beyond the traditional frontal approach through an interactive methodology involving dialogue and student participation; - short duration; - participation of peer educators who, as shown in the literature, appear to be more effective from an educational point of view, with the role of sharing their own experiences of both work and personal donation. - screening of video testimonials from donors and recipients; - at the end of the intervention, a questionnaire is administered to assess satisfaction and perception of the effectiveness of the intervention, in order to obtain feedback from students. SAMPLE: The sample chosen, which was invited to participate in the intervention, belongs to the second year of the Nursing Degree Course, Padua campus, in the academic year 2024-2025, and consists of 132 students. Of these, 64 students took part in the meeting. RESULTS: The intervention demonstrated that in the reality explored, a voluntary invitation alone is not sufficient to motivate participation; rather, a planned and institutionally organised intervention is necessary to create favourable conditions for motivating donation. An unexpected “incident” during the project (caused by the sensitivity of the teacher who preceded the intervention and reminded the students of the high ethical value of the project, thus “forcing” their presence) highlighted the effectiveness of the educational intervention, demonstrated by the fact that the donations came from students who had not initially joined the project.
PROBLEMA: Il sangue è un prodotto naturale, non riproducibile artificialmente ed indispensabile per la vita. Nel 2023, secondo il Centro Nazionale Sangue, sono state effettuate 3.019.471 donazioni con 638.046 pazienti trasfusi durante l’anno. Nel 2024 le donazioni sono state circa 3 milioni ed hanno permesso di trasfondere 1755 pazienti al giorno. Secondo il seguente report, su un totale di 1.678.573 donatori, la fascia d’età 46-55 (29%) è la più attiva nelle donazioni, mentre la fascia 18-25 anni è la meno partecipativa (12%). Il progressivo invecchiamento della popolazione è responsabile sia di un aumento dei soggetti esclusi dalla donazione per limiti d’età, sia di una crescente necessità di sangue. Tale tendenza, insieme al ridotto ricambio generazionale, sottolinea la necessità di mantenere costante l’afflusso di donazioni per fronteggiare le crescenti richieste e di sensibilizzare e coinvolgere i giovani. SCOPO: Condurre un intervento educativo breve a partecipazione volontaria, con l’obiettivo di sensibilizzare gli studenti del Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica alla donazione di sangue. Valutare l’efficacia dell’intervento sia in termini di adesione alla promessa di donazione, che in termini di gradimento con la compilazione di un questionario di gradimento. METODI E STRUMENTI: L’intervento educativo, della durata di un’ora e svolto su base volontaria, è stato condotto da un’infermiera esperta in promozione della salute, donatrice e volontaria AVIS e dalla studentessa, autrice della tesi, nel ruolo di peer educator e donatrice. La metodologia utilizzata trae spunto da un modello di intervento di sensibilizzazione realizzato presso la cittadella delle scuole secondarie superiori di Mirano (Venezia) ed estesa successivamente anche a Dolo (Venezia). L’intervento si presenta con queste caratteristiche: - superamento del tradizionale intervento frontale attraverso una metodologia interattiva di dialogo e coinvolgimento degli studenti; - intervento temporalmente breve; - la partecipazione della peer educator che, come risulta dalla letteratura, appare essere più efficace dal punto di vista educativo; con il ruolo di testimoniare le proprie esperienze sia lavorative che di donazione personale. - proiezione di video-testimonianze di donatori e riceventi; - Alla fine dell’intervento si somministra un questionario di gradimento e di percezione dell’efficacia dell’intervento, al fine di avere un feed-back dagli studenti. CAMPIONE: Il campione scelto, a cui è stata proposta la partecipazione all’intervento, appartiene al secondo anno del Corso di Laurea in Infermieristica, sede di Padova, nell’anno accademico 2024-2025, ed è composto da 132 studenti. Di questi, 64 studenti hanno preso parte all’incontro. RISULTATI: L’intervento ha dimostrato come nella realtà esplorata l’invito su base volontaria da sola non sia sufficiente a motivare la partecipazione; ma sia necessario un intervento programmato e organizzato istituzionalmente che crei le condizioni favorevoli a motivare alla donazione. Un “incidente” imprevisto nel percorso del progetto (determinato dalla sensibilità della docente che ha preceduto l’intervento e che ha richiamato gli studenti all’alto valore etico del progetto “forzando”, così, la loro presenza) ha evidenziato l’efficacia dell’intervento educativo, dimostrato dal fatto che le adesioni alla donazione sono venute da studentesse che non avevano aderito inizialmente al progetto.
Gocce di solidarietà. Un intervento educativo alla donazione di sangue tra gli studenti di infermieristica
FABBRI, CHIARA
2024/2025
Abstract
PROBLEM: Blood is a natural product that cannot be reproduced artificially and is essential for life. In 2023, according to the National Blood Centre, 3,019,471 donations were made, with 638,046 patients receiving transfusions during the year. In 2024, there were approximately 3 million donations, enabling 1,755 patients to receive transfusions every day. According to the following report, out of a total of 1,678,573 donors, the 46-55 age group (29%) is the most active in terms of donations, while the 18-25 age group is the least active (12%). The progressive ageing of the population is responsible both for an increase in the number of people excluded from donation due to age limits and for a growing need for blood. This trend, together with reduced generational turnover, highlights the need to maintain a constant flow of donations to meet growing demand and to raise awareness and involve young people. PURPOSE: To conduct a short educational intervention on a voluntary basis, with the aim of raising awareness among students of the Nursing Degree Course about blood donation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention both in terms of adherence to the promise to donate and in terms of satisfaction by completing a satisfaction questionnaire. METHODS AND TOOLS: The educational intervention, lasting one hour and carried out on a voluntary basis, was conducted by a nurse experienced in health promotion, an AVIS donor and volunteer, and by the student, author of the thesis, in the role of peer educator and donor. The methodology used was inspired by an awareness-raising intervention model implemented at the secondary school complex in Mirano (Venice) and subsequently extended to Dolo (Venice). The intervention had the following characteristics: - moving beyond the traditional frontal approach through an interactive methodology involving dialogue and student participation; - short duration; - participation of peer educators who, as shown in the literature, appear to be more effective from an educational point of view, with the role of sharing their own experiences of both work and personal donation. - screening of video testimonials from donors and recipients; - at the end of the intervention, a questionnaire is administered to assess satisfaction and perception of the effectiveness of the intervention, in order to obtain feedback from students. SAMPLE: The sample chosen, which was invited to participate in the intervention, belongs to the second year of the Nursing Degree Course, Padua campus, in the academic year 2024-2025, and consists of 132 students. Of these, 64 students took part in the meeting. RESULTS: The intervention demonstrated that in the reality explored, a voluntary invitation alone is not sufficient to motivate participation; rather, a planned and institutionally organised intervention is necessary to create favourable conditions for motivating donation. An unexpected “incident” during the project (caused by the sensitivity of the teacher who preceded the intervention and reminded the students of the high ethical value of the project, thus “forcing” their presence) highlighted the effectiveness of the educational intervention, demonstrated by the fact that the donations came from students who had not initially joined the project.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102725