PROBLEM: Alcohol consumption today represents a major social issue that healthcare professionals are called upon to address. This is demonstrated by data collected by the Osservatorio Nazionale Alcol in the 2022 report, which shows that in Veneto the prevalence of alcohol consumers of at least one alcoholic beverage was 59.5% among women, with this rate being higher than the national average. For the female population, the prevalence of alcohol consumption outside meals is also higher than the national average, with a percentage of 26.2%. Alcohol also represents a serious problem among young people: in Italy, about 44.4% of girls aged between 11 and 25 years consumed at least one alcoholic beverage during the year. Despite the prohibition imposed by Law 189 of 2012, which forbids the sale and supply of alcoholic beverages to individuals under the age of 18, in 2020, 18.8% of girls aged between 11 and 17 reported having consumed alcohol. According to the Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 by the WHO, the European Region records the highest prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, with an average of 25%. The most alarming figure is that 27% of pregnant women engage in binge drinking, defined as the excessive consumption of alcohol in a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated. This pattern of drinking is particularly harmful, significantly increasing the risk of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Furthermore, according to recent WHO data, 65.5% of women of childbearing age in the European Region consume alcohol, and since nearly half of pregnancies (42%) are unplanned, the risk of alcohol consumption during the early stages of gestation is extremely high. The scientific literature unanimously agrees that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes serious harm, as intrauterine exposure can compromise fetal development or negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage. Alcohol use during breastfeeding is also harmful to the infant. Data from the PASSI surveillance system (2014) collected information regarding pregnancy status at the time of the survey and breastfeeding among new mothers (those who gave birth in the previous 12 months). Among the 11,503 women interviewed between the ages of 18 and 49, 4% reported having given birth in the previous 12 months, and of these, just over half declared that they were breastfeeding. The study highlights that the intake of one or two alcoholic beverages, including those with a low alcohol content, can cause reduced milk intake in infants (by about 20%), agitation, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, ethanol can inhibit oxytocin release, which promotes milk ejection, thus reducing milk production. Infants, in fact, metabolize alcohol at about half the rate of adults. As underlined in a press release by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità published on 1 September 2021, on the occasion of the World Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Day, observed on 9 September, and later included in an issue of RaraMente, a biweekly newsletter dedicated to rare diseases, WHO’s 2018 report highlights that 65.6% of women of childbearing age in the European Region consume alcohol. On average, 25% of pregnant women in Europe consume alcohol, with 2.7% engaging in binge drinking. The most serious and permanent non-genetic condition affecting the fetus exposed to alcohol is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
PROBLEMA: Il problema dell’ alcol ad oggi ha un grosso impatto sociale al quale il personale sanitario è chiamato a gestire. Lo dimostrano i dati raccolti dall’ Osservatorio Nazionale Alcol attraverso il rapporto 2022 dove si evince che in Veneto la prevalenza dei consumatori di alcol di almeno una bevanda alcolica è stata del 59,5% tra le donne, dove per queste ultime, la diffusione è superiore alla media nazionale. Per il genere femminile la prevalenza del consumo di bevande alcoliche fuori pasto è superiore alla media nazionale con una percentuale del 26,2%. L’alcol rappresenta un grave problema anche per i giovani dove in Italia, circa il 44,4% delle ragazze di età compresa tra gli 11 e i 25 anni ha consumato almeno una bevanda alcolica nel corso dell’anno. Nonostante il divieto imposto dalla legge 189 del 2012 dove si vieta la somministrazione e la vendita di bevande alcoliche per i giovani al di sotto dei 18 anni, nel 2020 le ragazze di età compresa tra gli 11 e 17 anni che hanno bevuto alcolici sono state del 18,8%. Secondo il Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 dell’OMS , la Regione europea registra la più alta prevalenza di consumo di alcol durante la gravidanza, con una media del 25%. Il dato più preoccupante è il 27% delle donne incinte che pratica binge drinking, ovvero il consumo eccessivo di alcol in un breve lasso di tempo con l’intento di ubriacarsi. Questa modalità di assunzione è particolarmente dannosa, aumentando significativamente il rischio di disturbi dello spettro fetale alcolico (FASD). Sempre secondo i dati recenti dell’OMS il 65,5% delle donne in età fertile nella Regione europea consuma alcol e dato che quasi la metà delle gravidanze non sono programmate, il 42%, il rischio di consumo di alcol durante le prime fasi della gestazione è altissimo. Tutta la letteratura concorda sul fatto che l’alcol consumato in gravidanza provoca danni seri in quanto l’esposizione intrauterina può compromettere lo sviluppo del feto o determinare effetti negativi sulla gravidanza, come ad esempio l’aborto spontaneo. Anche l’uso di alcol durante l’allattamento è dannoso per il bambino, lo riporta i dati PASSI del 2014 dove fra le donne in età fertile sono state raccolte anche informazioni inerenti lo stato di gravidanza al momento dell’indagine e l’allattamento per le neomamme (partorienti nei 12 mesi precedenti). Delle 11.503 donne intervistate di età compresa tra i 18 e 49 anni, il 4% ha dichiarato di aver partorito nei 12 mesi precedenti l’intervista e, fra queste, poco più della metà ha dichiarato di allattare. All’interno dello studio si dichiara che l’assunzione di 1 o 2 bevande alcoliche, incluse quelle a bassa gradazione, può causare nel bambino la riduzione di assunzione di latte (di circa il 20%), agitazione e disturbi del sonno. Tuttavia l’etanolo può limitare la produzione del latte inibendo l’ossitocina che invece ne favorisce il rilascio. I neonati infatti metabolizzano l’alcol a un ritmo pari a circa la metà di quello degli adulti. Come sottolineato in un comunicato stampa dell’Istituto Superiore di Sanità pubblicato il 1 settembre 2021 in occasione della Giornata mondiale della sindrome feto alcolica, che si ricorda il 9 settembre e successivamente pubblicato in una delle news dell’ultimo numero di RaraMente , newsletter quindicinale dedicata al mondo delle malattie rare. Si evince che secondo il rapporto dell’OMS del 2018, il 65,6% delle donne in età fertile nella regione europea consuma alcol. In media, il 25% delle donne in gravidanza in Europa consuma alcol, con il 2,7% che si dedica al binge drinking. La problematica più grave permanente, non genetica, del feto esposto all’alcol è la cosiddetta sindrome feto-alcolica (Fetal-Alcohol Syndrome- FAS).
Gravidanza e allattamento. Una indagine sul consumo di alcol
FANUCCHI, SUSANNA
2024/2025
Abstract
PROBLEM: Alcohol consumption today represents a major social issue that healthcare professionals are called upon to address. This is demonstrated by data collected by the Osservatorio Nazionale Alcol in the 2022 report, which shows that in Veneto the prevalence of alcohol consumers of at least one alcoholic beverage was 59.5% among women, with this rate being higher than the national average. For the female population, the prevalence of alcohol consumption outside meals is also higher than the national average, with a percentage of 26.2%. Alcohol also represents a serious problem among young people: in Italy, about 44.4% of girls aged between 11 and 25 years consumed at least one alcoholic beverage during the year. Despite the prohibition imposed by Law 189 of 2012, which forbids the sale and supply of alcoholic beverages to individuals under the age of 18, in 2020, 18.8% of girls aged between 11 and 17 reported having consumed alcohol. According to the Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018 by the WHO, the European Region records the highest prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, with an average of 25%. The most alarming figure is that 27% of pregnant women engage in binge drinking, defined as the excessive consumption of alcohol in a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated. This pattern of drinking is particularly harmful, significantly increasing the risk of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Furthermore, according to recent WHO data, 65.5% of women of childbearing age in the European Region consume alcohol, and since nearly half of pregnancies (42%) are unplanned, the risk of alcohol consumption during the early stages of gestation is extremely high. The scientific literature unanimously agrees that alcohol consumption during pregnancy causes serious harm, as intrauterine exposure can compromise fetal development or negatively affect pregnancy outcomes, such as miscarriage. Alcohol use during breastfeeding is also harmful to the infant. Data from the PASSI surveillance system (2014) collected information regarding pregnancy status at the time of the survey and breastfeeding among new mothers (those who gave birth in the previous 12 months). Among the 11,503 women interviewed between the ages of 18 and 49, 4% reported having given birth in the previous 12 months, and of these, just over half declared that they were breastfeeding. The study highlights that the intake of one or two alcoholic beverages, including those with a low alcohol content, can cause reduced milk intake in infants (by about 20%), agitation, and sleep disturbances. Moreover, ethanol can inhibit oxytocin release, which promotes milk ejection, thus reducing milk production. Infants, in fact, metabolize alcohol at about half the rate of adults. As underlined in a press release by the Istituto Superiore di Sanità published on 1 September 2021, on the occasion of the World Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Day, observed on 9 September, and later included in an issue of RaraMente, a biweekly newsletter dedicated to rare diseases, WHO’s 2018 report highlights that 65.6% of women of childbearing age in the European Region consume alcohol. On average, 25% of pregnant women in Europe consume alcohol, with 2.7% engaging in binge drinking. The most serious and permanent non-genetic condition affecting the fetus exposed to alcohol is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Tesi.Fanucchi.Susanna.2090669.pdf
Accesso riservato
Dimensione
602.37 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
602.37 kB | Adobe PDF |
The text of this website © Università degli studi di Padova. Full Text are published under a non-exclusive license. Metadata are under a CC0 License
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102727