The present thesis analyzes nursing professional responsibility in the management of fall risk in hospital settings, with the aim of integrating clinical and legal perspectives in the assessment of care safety. The paper opens with a review of the scientific and regulatory literature related to the phenomenon of falls, illustrating their epidemiological dimension, the main risk factors and the validated assessment tools. The reference regulatory framework is also explored in depth, with particular attention to Law 24/2017 “Gelli-Bianco”, which recognizes the safety of care as an integral part of the right to health and regulates the civil and criminal liability of healthcare professionals. The central part of the work is dedicated to the analysis of a real clinical case of hospital fall with fatal outcome, occurring in a hospital ward. The event was the subject of medico-legal evaluation at the request of the Judicial Authority. The integrated analysis of clinical and necropsy documentation allowed to reconstruct the dynamics of the occurrence and to apply a medico-legal reasoning model based on professional conduct and the causal link between health behavior and death. The results highlight an omission in the documented assessment of the risk of falls at admission, configuring a deficiency in the care process. However, the medico-legal investigation did not identify a causal link with criminal law criteria between this omission and the death of the patient, as the event, although potentially preventable, presented intrinsic risk factors that could not be eliminated. Post-event management, however, was found to comply with good clinical practices and ministerial recommendations. The conclusions underline the need to strengthen the specific training of nursing staff, promote a culture of safety based on prevention and interdisciplinary communication, and guarantee accurate clinical-care documentation, an essential tool both for the quality of care and for the legal protection of professional. The integrated approach between law and clinical practice allows prevention to be considered not only as a technical obligation, but as a moral and professional duty of the nurse in ensuring patient safety.
La presente tesi analizza la responsabilità professionale infermieristica nella gestione del rischio di caduta in ambito ospedaliero, con l’obiettivo di integrare prospettive cliniche e giuridiche nella valutazione della sicurezza delle cure. L’elaborato si apre con una revisione della letteratura scientifica e normativa relativa al fenomeno delle cadute, illustrando la loro dimensione epidemiologica, i principali fattori di rischio e gli strumenti di valutazione validati. Viene inoltre approfondito il quadro normativo di riferimento, con particolare attenzione alla Legge 24/2017 “Gelli-Bianco”, che riconosce la sicurezza delle cure come parte integrante del diritto alla salute e disciplina la responsabilità civile e penale dei professionisti sanitari. La parte centrale del lavoro è dedicata all’analisi di un caso clinico reale di caduta ospedaliera con esito fatale, verificatosi in un reparto ospedaliero. L’evento è stato oggetto di valutazione medico-legale su richiesta dell’Autorità Giudiziaria. L’analisi integrata della documentazione clinica e necroscopica ha permesso di ricostruire la dinamica dell’accaduto e di applicare un modello di ragionamento medico-legale basato sulla condotta professionale e sul nesso causale tra comportamento sanitario e decesso. I risultati evidenziano una omissione nella valutazione documentata del rischio cadute al momento del ricovero, configurando una carenza nel processo assistenziale. Tuttavia, l’indagine medico-legale non ha individuato un nesso causale con criterio penalistico tra tale omissione e il decesso del paziente, in quanto l’evento, pur potenzialmente prevenibile, presentava fattori di rischio intrinseci non eliminabili. La gestione post-evento, invece, è risultata conforme alle buone pratiche cliniche e alle raccomandazioni ministeriali. Le conclusioni sottolineano la necessità di potenziare la formazione specifica del personale infermieristico, promuovere una cultura della sicurezza basata sulla prevenzione e sulla comunicazione interdisciplinare, e garantire una documentazione clinico-assistenziale accurata, strumento essenziale sia per la qualità delle cure sia per la tutela legale del professionista. L’approccio integrato tra diritto e pratica clinica consente di considerare la prevenzione non solo come obbligo tecnico, ma come dovere morale e professionale dell’infermiere nel garantire la sicurezza del paziente.
Prevenire è dovere: responsabilità professionale in ambito penale tra etica, pratica clinica e diritto nella gestione del rischio cadute in ospedale
FASOLATO, CAMILLA
2024/2025
Abstract
The present thesis analyzes nursing professional responsibility in the management of fall risk in hospital settings, with the aim of integrating clinical and legal perspectives in the assessment of care safety. The paper opens with a review of the scientific and regulatory literature related to the phenomenon of falls, illustrating their epidemiological dimension, the main risk factors and the validated assessment tools. The reference regulatory framework is also explored in depth, with particular attention to Law 24/2017 “Gelli-Bianco”, which recognizes the safety of care as an integral part of the right to health and regulates the civil and criminal liability of healthcare professionals. The central part of the work is dedicated to the analysis of a real clinical case of hospital fall with fatal outcome, occurring in a hospital ward. The event was the subject of medico-legal evaluation at the request of the Judicial Authority. The integrated analysis of clinical and necropsy documentation allowed to reconstruct the dynamics of the occurrence and to apply a medico-legal reasoning model based on professional conduct and the causal link between health behavior and death. The results highlight an omission in the documented assessment of the risk of falls at admission, configuring a deficiency in the care process. However, the medico-legal investigation did not identify a causal link with criminal law criteria between this omission and the death of the patient, as the event, although potentially preventable, presented intrinsic risk factors that could not be eliminated. Post-event management, however, was found to comply with good clinical practices and ministerial recommendations. The conclusions underline the need to strengthen the specific training of nursing staff, promote a culture of safety based on prevention and interdisciplinary communication, and guarantee accurate clinical-care documentation, an essential tool both for the quality of care and for the legal protection of professional. The integrated approach between law and clinical practice allows prevention to be considered not only as a technical obligation, but as a moral and professional duty of the nurse in ensuring patient safety.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102728