Background: Home management of the cancer patient in palliative care today represents a complex challenge, which requires an integrated approach, capable of responding to the patient's physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. The main goal of palliative care, is not healing but maintaining quality of life. In this context, home management plays a fundamental role. The home becomes a place of care, where the patient can receive assistance in their daily environment. Objective: To explore and deepen the importance of the nursing role in the home management of the oncology patient in the palliative phase. This review intends to describe the care activities and nursing skills required, analyze the skills relating to symptoms management, emotional and communication support aimed at the patient, outline the educational, relational, and practical support provided to caregivers and identify the critical issues and emerging needs. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL, and out of the initial 284 articles identified, 25 were chosen and reviewed. Results: The literature analysis shows that the nurse represents the key figure in home care for the cancer patient in palliative care. Home care contributes to reducing hospitalizations and improving the quality of life perceived by the patient, favoring the maintenance of autonomy. Listening, empathy and constant presence promote the acceptance of the disease and the peaceful end-of-life experience. A crucial element that emerged from the studies concerns the figure of the caregiver Therapeutic nursing education proves to be decisive since the nurse helps family members to develop practical skills and security in the daily management of care, reducing the sense of inadequacy and related overload. Despite the benefits highlighted, several studies report critical issues still present in home management, such as the territorial inhomogeneity of services and the limited integration between hospital and territory. Conclusions: The home management of the cancer patient in palliative care is configured as a complex but indispensable care model. The nurse's abilities to integrate clinical, communication and educational skills allow to respond to the needs of the patient, but also to those of the caregiver The home management of the cancer patient in the terminal stage of his life, is not a simple alternative to hospitalization, but an evolved, sustainable, and profoundly human model of care. Keywords: Palliative care, home-based care, cancer patients, management, caregiver
Background: La gestione a domicilio del paziente oncologico in cure palliative rappresenta oggi una sfida complessa, che richiede un approccio integrato, capace di rispondere ai bisogni fisici, psicologici, sociali e spirituali del paziente. L’obiettivo principale dell’assistenza palliativa, non è la guarigione ma il mantenimento della qualità di vita. In questo contesto, la gestione a domicilio assume un ruolo fondamentale. La casa diventa luogo di cura, in cui il paziente può ricevere assistenza nel proprio ambiente quotidiano. Obiettivo: Esplorare ed approfondire l’importanza del ruolo infermieristico nella gestione a domicilio del paziente oncologico in fase palliativa. In particolare questa revisione intende descrivere le attività assistenziali e le competenze infermieristiche richieste, analizzare le competenze relative alla gestione dei sintomi, di supporto emotivo e comunicativo rivolte al paziente, delineare il sostegno educativo, relazionale e pratico fornito ai caregiver ed identificare le criticità e i bisogni emergenti. Metodi: È stata effettuata una revisione della letteratura attraverso due banche dati: PubMed e CINAHL. Dei 284 articoli identificati inizialmente, sono stati selezionati e revisionati 25 articoli. Risultati: Dall’analisi della letteratura emerge che l’infermiere rappresenta la figura chiave nell’assistenza domiciliare al paziente oncologico in cure palliative. L’assistenza a domicilio contribuisce a ridurre le ospedalizzazioni e a migliorare la qualità della vita percepita dal paziente, favorendo il mantenimento dell’autonomia. Ascolto, empatia e presenza costante favoriscono l’accettazione della malattia e il vissuto sereno del fine vita. Un elemento cruciale emerso dagli studi riguarda la figura del caregiver. L’educazione terapeutica infermieristica si dimostra determinante poiché l’infermiere aiuta i familiari a sviluppare competenze pratiche e sicurezza nella gestione quotidiana delle cure, riducendo il senso di inadeguatezza ed il sovraccarico correlato. Nonostante i benefici evidenziati, diversi studi segnalano criticità ancora presenti nella gestione domiciliare, come la disomogeneità territoriale dei servizi e la limitata integrazione tra ospedale e territorio. Conclusioni: La gestione a domicilio del paziente oncologico in cure palliative si configura come un modello di assistenza complesso ma indispensabile. Le capacità dell’infermiere di integrare competenze cliniche, comunicative ed educative consente di rispondere ai bisogni del paziente, ma anche a quelli del caregiver. La gestione a domicilio del paziente oncologico nella fase terminale della sua vita, non è una semplice alternativa al ricovero, ma un modello di cura evoluto, sostenibile e profondamente umano. Parole chiave: cure palliative, assistenza a domicilio, paziente oncologico, gestione, caregiver Keywords: Palliative care, home-based care, cancer patients, management, caregiver
LA GESTIONE A DOMICILIO DEL PAZIENTE ONCOLOGICO IN CURE PALLIATIVE: UNA REVISIONE DELLA LETTERATURA
FONTOLAN, DILETTA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Home management of the cancer patient in palliative care today represents a complex challenge, which requires an integrated approach, capable of responding to the patient's physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. The main goal of palliative care, is not healing but maintaining quality of life. In this context, home management plays a fundamental role. The home becomes a place of care, where the patient can receive assistance in their daily environment. Objective: To explore and deepen the importance of the nursing role in the home management of the oncology patient in the palliative phase. This review intends to describe the care activities and nursing skills required, analyze the skills relating to symptoms management, emotional and communication support aimed at the patient, outline the educational, relational, and practical support provided to caregivers and identify the critical issues and emerging needs. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL, and out of the initial 284 articles identified, 25 were chosen and reviewed. Results: The literature analysis shows that the nurse represents the key figure in home care for the cancer patient in palliative care. Home care contributes to reducing hospitalizations and improving the quality of life perceived by the patient, favoring the maintenance of autonomy. Listening, empathy and constant presence promote the acceptance of the disease and the peaceful end-of-life experience. A crucial element that emerged from the studies concerns the figure of the caregiver Therapeutic nursing education proves to be decisive since the nurse helps family members to develop practical skills and security in the daily management of care, reducing the sense of inadequacy and related overload. Despite the benefits highlighted, several studies report critical issues still present in home management, such as the territorial inhomogeneity of services and the limited integration between hospital and territory. Conclusions: The home management of the cancer patient in palliative care is configured as a complex but indispensable care model. The nurse's abilities to integrate clinical, communication and educational skills allow to respond to the needs of the patient, but also to those of the caregiver The home management of the cancer patient in the terminal stage of his life, is not a simple alternative to hospitalization, but an evolved, sustainable, and profoundly human model of care. Keywords: Palliative care, home-based care, cancer patients, management, caregiver| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102730