Background: Pain management in non-communicative patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) represents a significant challenge for clinical practice. The impossibility of relying on self-assessment necessitates the use of observational tools and multimodal strategies. In recent years, interest has grown in non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, as a complement to traditional analgesic therapy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of music therapy, integrated with pharmacological therapies, in managing pain in non-communicative adult critical care patients in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahal, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, selecting articles in English with no time restrictions. A total of 142 studies were identified, of which 7 were included in the final review. The studies considered include clinical trials, observational studies, and pilot studies focused on the application of music therapy in intensive care settings. Results: Music therapy demonstrated effectiveness particularly in reducing acute procedural pain, such as during endotracheal suctioning and bed bathing, with a significant decrease in observational pain scores. In other studies, however, no statistically relevant differences emerged, suggesting a more pronounced role as a distraction intervention and comfort improvement. Integration with pharmacological therapies showed a potential effect of reducing the use of analgesics and sedatives. The nursing role is central to the application and monitoring of these interventions. Conclusion: Music therapy represents a safe, low-cost, and potentially effective intervention in the management of procedural pain in non-communicative critical care patients. Despite the encouraging results, the scarcity of large-scale randomized studies and the heterogeneity of application protocols limit the ability to generalize the data. Further studies are needed to define standardized guidelines and consolidate the integration of music therapy into multimodal pain management protocols in the intensive care unit.
Background: la gestione del dolore nei pazienti non comunicanti ricoverati in terapia intensiva rappresenta una sfida rilevante per la pratica clinica. L’impossibilità di ricorrere all’autovalutazione richiede l’uso di strumenti osservazionali e strategie multimodali. Negli ultimi anni è cresciuto l’interesse per gli interventi non farmacologici, come la musicoterapia, quale complemento alla terapia analgesica tradizionale. Scopo: valutare l’efficacia della musicoterapia, integrata alle terapie farmacologiche, nella gestione del dolore nei pazienti adulti critici non comunicanti in terapia intensiva Materiali e metodi: è stata condotta una revisione della letteratura seguendo le linee guida PRISMA. La ricerca è stata effettuata su Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahal, Cochrane e Google Scholar, selezionando articoli in lingua inglese senza limiti temporali. Sono stati identificati 142 sudi, di cui 7 inclusi nella revisione finale. Gli studi considerati comprendono trial clinici, studi osservazionali e pilota focalizzati sull’applicazione della musicoterapia in contesti di terapia intensiva. Risultati: la musicoterapia si è dimostrata efficace in particolare nella riduzione del dolore procedurale acuto, come durante l’aspirazione endotracheale e il bagno a letto, con una diminuzione significativa dei punteggi di dolore osservazionali. In altri studi, invece, non sono emerse differenza statisticamente rilevanti, suggerendo un ruolo più marcato come intervento di distrazione e miglioramento del comfort. L’integrazione con le terapie farmacologiche ha evidenziato un potenziale effetto di riduzione dell’uso di analgesici e sedativi. Il ruolo infermieristico risulta centrale nell’applicazione e nel monitoraggio di questi interventi. Conclusioni: la musicoterapia rappresenta un intervento sicuro, a basso costo e potenzialmente efficace nella gestione del dolore procedurale nei pazienti critici non comunicanti. Nonostante i risultati incoraggianti, la scarsità di studi randomizzati di ampie dimensioni e l’eterogeneità dei protocolli applicativi limitano la possibilità di generalizzare i dati. Sono necessari ulteriori studi per definire delle linee guida standardizzate e consolidare l’integrazione della musicoterapia nei protocolli multimodali di gestione del dolore in terapia intensiva.
Integrazione degli interventi non farmacologici a quelli farmacologici nella gestione del dolore nel paziente non comunicante in terapia intensiva: una revisione della letteratura
FRANCHETTI, ILARIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Pain management in non-communicative patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) represents a significant challenge for clinical practice. The impossibility of relying on self-assessment necessitates the use of observational tools and multimodal strategies. In recent years, interest has grown in non-pharmacological interventions, such as music therapy, as a complement to traditional analgesic therapy. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of music therapy, integrated with pharmacological therapies, in managing pain in non-communicative adult critical care patients in the intensive care unit. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed on Pubmed, Scopus, Cinahal, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, selecting articles in English with no time restrictions. A total of 142 studies were identified, of which 7 were included in the final review. The studies considered include clinical trials, observational studies, and pilot studies focused on the application of music therapy in intensive care settings. Results: Music therapy demonstrated effectiveness particularly in reducing acute procedural pain, such as during endotracheal suctioning and bed bathing, with a significant decrease in observational pain scores. In other studies, however, no statistically relevant differences emerged, suggesting a more pronounced role as a distraction intervention and comfort improvement. Integration with pharmacological therapies showed a potential effect of reducing the use of analgesics and sedatives. The nursing role is central to the application and monitoring of these interventions. Conclusion: Music therapy represents a safe, low-cost, and potentially effective intervention in the management of procedural pain in non-communicative critical care patients. Despite the encouraging results, the scarcity of large-scale randomized studies and the heterogeneity of application protocols limit the ability to generalize the data. Further studies are needed to define standardized guidelines and consolidate the integration of music therapy into multimodal pain management protocols in the intensive care unit.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102731