Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have long been among the most common and significant perioperative complications, with a considerable impact on patient morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and quality of life. Nurses, as healthcare professionals, play a crucial role in the prevention of SSIs through the implementation of targeted, evidence-based interventions carried out throughout the patient’s perioperative pathway. Objective: To identify and describe the most commonly used or most effective perioperative nursing interventions for the prevention of surgical site infections in adult patients (aged >18 years) undergoing surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The research question was formulated using the PIO methodology. Studies published between 2015 and 2025, available in full text, written in English or Italian, and peer-reviewed, were selected through searches of the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Google Scholar search engine. Results: Eight studies were included, evaluating perioperative nursing interventions aimed at preventing surgical site infections in adult patients (aged >18 years) undergoing various types of surgical procedures. The identified strategies were organized according to the perioperative phase (pre-, intra-, and postoperative), showing the most significant results in terms of effectiveness in SSI prevention. Conclusions: Perioperative nursing interventions represent an essential component in the prevention of surgical site infections, contributing to the reduction of complications and the improvement of clinical outcomes. The wider dissemination of evidence-based practices and ongoing professional education are fundamental to ensuring the effectiveness of nursing care. Keywords: Surgical site infection; surgical wound infection; perioperative nursing; nursing care; prevention; reduction.
Problema: Le infezioni del sito chirurgico (SSI) rappresentano da sempre una delle complicanze più comuni e rilevanti in ambito perioperatorio, con un impatto significativo in termini di morbilità, mortalità, costi sanitari e qualità della vita dei pazienti. L’infermiere, in quanto professionista sanitario, ha un ruolo cruciale nella prevenzione delle SSI attraverso l’implementazione di interventi mirati basati su evidenze scientifiche che vengono attuati durante tutto il percorso perioperatorio del paziente. Obiettivo: Identificazione e descrizione degli interventi infermieristici perioperatori più utilizzati o più efficaci nella prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico nei pazienti adulti (età > 18 anni) sottoposti ad intervento chirurgico. Materiali e Metodi: È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura secondo le linee PRISMA. Il quesito di ricerca è stato formulato utilizzando la metodologia PIO. Sono stati selezionati studi pubblicati tra il 2015 e il 2025, con testo completo disponibile, in lingua inglese o italiana, sottoposti a peer-review, attraverso la consultazione delle seguenti banche dati: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus e il motore di ricerca Google Scholar. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi otto studi che hanno valutato gli interventi infermieristici perioperatori atti a prevenire le infezioni del sito chirurgico in pazienti adulti (età > 18 anni) sottoposti a diverse tipologie di intervento chirurgico. Le strategie individuate sono state organizzate per fase perioperatoria (pre-, intra- e post-operatoria), mostrando risultati più significativi in termini di efficacia nella prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico. Conclusioni: Gli interventi infermieristici perioperatori rappresentano una componente essenziale nella prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico, contribuendo a ridurre le complicanze e migliorare gli esiti clinici. Risulta fondamentale una maggiore diffusione di pratiche evidence-based e la continua formazione professionale per garantire l’efficacia delle pratiche assistenziali. Keywords: Inglese: Surgical site infection, surgical wound infection, perioperative nursing, nursing care, prevention, reduction. Italiano: Infezione del sito chirurgico, infezione della ferita chirurgica, infermieristica perioperatoria, assistenza infermieristica, prevenzione, riduzione.
Interventi infermieristici perioperatori per la prevenzione delle infezioni del sito chirurgico: revisione narrativa della letteratura.
IMPICCICHÈ, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) have long been among the most common and significant perioperative complications, with a considerable impact on patient morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and quality of life. Nurses, as healthcare professionals, play a crucial role in the prevention of SSIs through the implementation of targeted, evidence-based interventions carried out throughout the patient’s perioperative pathway. Objective: To identify and describe the most commonly used or most effective perioperative nursing interventions for the prevention of surgical site infections in adult patients (aged >18 years) undergoing surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The research question was formulated using the PIO methodology. Studies published between 2015 and 2025, available in full text, written in English or Italian, and peer-reviewed, were selected through searches of the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Google Scholar search engine. Results: Eight studies were included, evaluating perioperative nursing interventions aimed at preventing surgical site infections in adult patients (aged >18 years) undergoing various types of surgical procedures. The identified strategies were organized according to the perioperative phase (pre-, intra-, and postoperative), showing the most significant results in terms of effectiveness in SSI prevention. Conclusions: Perioperative nursing interventions represent an essential component in the prevention of surgical site infections, contributing to the reduction of complications and the improvement of clinical outcomes. The wider dissemination of evidence-based practices and ongoing professional education are fundamental to ensuring the effectiveness of nursing care. Keywords: Surgical site infection; surgical wound infection; perioperative nursing; nursing care; prevention; reduction.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102738