Introduction Dysphagia represents one of the most common and significant complications in patients affected by stroke, having a considerable impact on clinical recovery and quality of life. This condition can lead to serious consequences such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration, increasing the risk of mortality. In this context, the nurse plays a key role thanks to specific clinical, educational, and relational skills that are essential for the early identification of the disorder and for planning targeted nursing strategies—such as the adoption of safe postures, the modification of food consistencies, and collaboration in interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the nursing contribution in the management of post-stroke dysphagia, analyzing the required competencies and the main nursing strategies used to ensure feeding safety and improve clinical outcomes. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed and CINAHL databases, including studies published between 2010 and 2025. Articles describing the nursing role and practices in the management of post-stroke dysphagia were selected, with particular attention to the prevention of complications, nutritional safety, and the improvement of patients’ quality of life. Results The review highlights that nurses play a substantial role in the care process through early screening, clinical and nutritional monitoring, patient education, and constant collaboration with speech therapists and dietitians. The most effective practices include the use of validated assessment tools, maintaining correct posture during meals, and adjusting food textures. Timely nursing interventions significantly reduce the risk of respiratory and nutritional complications. Conclusions The nurse’s role in the management of post-stroke dysphagia is complex and multidimensional. The integration of technical, educational, and relational competencies—combined with interdisciplinary collaboration—represents an essential element to ensure safety, effectiveness, and high-quality care. Keywords: Stroke, Dysphagia, Nursing care, Screening, Rehabilitation
Introduzione La disfagia rappresenta una delle complicanze più comuni e rilevanti nei soggetti colpiti da ictus, incidendo in modo significativo sul recupero clinico e sulla qualità di vita. Tale condizione può determinare conseguenze gravi come polmonite ab ingestis, malnutrizione e disidratazione, con un aumento del rischio di mortalità. In questo scenario, l’infermiere riveste un ruolo determinante grazie alle proprie competenze cliniche, educative e relazionali, fondamentali per l’individuazione precoce del disturbo e la pianificazione di strategie assistenziali mirate, come l’adozione di posture sicure, la modulazione delle consistenze alimentari e la collaborazione nei percorsi riabilitativi interdisciplinari. Obiettivo L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è approfondire il contributo infermieristico nella gestione della disfagia post-ictus, esaminando le competenze necessarie e le principali strategie assistenziali utilizzate per garantire sicurezza alimentare e migliorare gli esiti clinici. Metodi È stata condotta una revisione narrativa della letteratura consultando i database PubMed e CINAHL, includendo studi pubblicati tra il 2010 e il 2025. Sono stati selezionati articoli che descrivevano il ruolo e le pratiche infermieristiche nella gestione della disfagia post-ictus, con attenzione alla prevenzione delle complicanze, alla sicurezza nutrizionale e al miglioramento della qualità di vita del paziente. Risultati Dalla revisione emerge che l’infermiere contribuisce in maniera sostanziale al percorso di cura attraverso lo screening precoce, il monitoraggio clinico e nutrizionale, l’educazione terapeutica e la collaborazione costante con logopedisti e dietisti. Le pratiche più efficaci comprendono l’utilizzo di scale di valutazione validate, la corretta postura durante i pasti e l’adattamento delle consistenze. L’intervento tempestivo dell’infermiere riduce in modo significativo il rischio di complicanze respiratorie e nutrizionali. Conclusioni Il ruolo dell’infermiere nella gestione della disfagia post-ictus è complesso e multidimensionale. L’integrazione di competenze tecniche, educative e relazionali, unite alla II collaborazione interdisciplinare, rappresenta un elemento essenziale per garantire sicurezza, efficacia e qualità dell’assistenza. Parole chiave: Ictus, Disfagia, Assistenza infermieristica, Screening, Riabilitazione
Competenze infermieristiche e strategie assistenziali nella gestione della disfagia nel paziente post-ictus
PAGIN, RICCARDO
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction Dysphagia represents one of the most common and significant complications in patients affected by stroke, having a considerable impact on clinical recovery and quality of life. This condition can lead to serious consequences such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration, increasing the risk of mortality. In this context, the nurse plays a key role thanks to specific clinical, educational, and relational skills that are essential for the early identification of the disorder and for planning targeted nursing strategies—such as the adoption of safe postures, the modification of food consistencies, and collaboration in interdisciplinary rehabilitation programs. Aim The aim of this study is to explore the nursing contribution in the management of post-stroke dysphagia, analyzing the required competencies and the main nursing strategies used to ensure feeding safety and improve clinical outcomes. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed and CINAHL databases, including studies published between 2010 and 2025. Articles describing the nursing role and practices in the management of post-stroke dysphagia were selected, with particular attention to the prevention of complications, nutritional safety, and the improvement of patients’ quality of life. Results The review highlights that nurses play a substantial role in the care process through early screening, clinical and nutritional monitoring, patient education, and constant collaboration with speech therapists and dietitians. The most effective practices include the use of validated assessment tools, maintaining correct posture during meals, and adjusting food textures. Timely nursing interventions significantly reduce the risk of respiratory and nutritional complications. Conclusions The nurse’s role in the management of post-stroke dysphagia is complex and multidimensional. The integration of technical, educational, and relational competencies—combined with interdisciplinary collaboration—represents an essential element to ensure safety, effectiveness, and high-quality care. Keywords: Stroke, Dysphagia, Nursing care, Screening, Rehabilitation| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102745