Problem: During my university studies, and in particular during my internship experience in the Post-Operative Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, I deepened my knowledge and management skills regarding the numerous medical devices used to support the vital functions of critically ill patients. The use of such devices, although essential, can lead to complications, including Medical Device Related Pressure Injuries (MDRPI), located at the mucosal and cutaneous levels, which remain underestimated to this day. This dissertation aims to analyze the nurse’s role in the prevention of MDRPIs in critical care settings, by exploring the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the skin and mucous membranes, the main devices responsible, and the preventive strategies to be adopted. The objective is to provide both theoretical and practical tools useful to improve the care of critically ill patients, promoting effective and safe nursing interventions. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA method. Two research questions were formulated using the PIO methodology, and the following databases were consulted: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and other sources. The search identified a total of 181 articles, of which 16 were included in the review. Articles published within the last ten years were selected, focusing on adult populations (>18 years), written in English or Italian, and with both abstract and full-text available. Results: The 16 articles analyzed showed that the adoption of certain preventive strategies, combined with the proper use of devices and materials available to clinicians, can significantly reduce the incidence of such injuries. Awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals about the risk of developing MDRPIs, the most affected sites, and the devices most commonly involved were found to be fundamental. The application of preventive algorithms that combine risk assessment with the use of protective dressings on exposed areas, specific materials, and appropriately sized and shaped devices—or devices with correct pressure levels when anchoring is required—proved effective. Finally, the conscious skin inspection carried out by clinicians and the protection of intact skin and mucous membranes during the application and management of devices have also contributed to a reduction in the incidence of such injuries. Conclusions: The literature review highlighted that pressure injuries related to medical devices represent a frequent adverse event among patients admitted to critical or intensive care units. Targeted nursing interventions have proven effective in reducing their incidence. Despite some limitations in the research conducted, the results emphasize the central role of nurses in preventing MDRPIs through careful assessment, continuous monitoring, and the adoption of evidence-based nursing practices, which are essential to ensure patient safety and quality of care. To apply these findings, it is necessary to enhance knowledge and training concerning the risk and preventive strategies to be adopted for all patients with medical devices, in order to ensure that nursing practice is based on validated evidence aimed at safeguarding patient safety. Key Words: Mucosal Pressure Injury, Prevention, Risk Factors, Medical Devices Related Pressure Injury, Intensive Care Unit.
Problema: Durante il percorso universitario, e in particolare durante l’esperienza di tirocinio presso la Terapia Intensiva Post-Operatoria di Neurochirurgia, ho approfondito la conoscenza e la gestione dei numerosi dispositivi medici utilizzati per il supporto delle funzioni vitali dei pazienti critici. L’uso di tali devices, seppur indispensabile, può comportare il rischio di complicanze, tra cui le Medical Devices Related Pressure Injuries (MDRPI), localizzate a livello mucosale e cutaneo, ancora oggi sottostimate. Il presente elaborato si propone di analizzare il ruolo dell’infermiere nella prevenzione delle MDRPI in area critica, approfondendo le caratteristiche anatomo-fisiologiche della cute e delle mucose, i principali dispositivi responsabili e le strategie preventive da adottare. L’obiettivo è fornire strumenti conoscitivi e operativi utili a migliorare la presa in carico del paziente critico, promuovendo interventi infermieristici efficaci e sicuri. Materiali e metodi: È stata condotta una revisione della letteratura secondo il metodo PRISMA. Sono stati formulati due quesiti di ricerca utilizzando la metodologia PIO e sono state consultate le seguenti banche dati: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS e altre fonti. La ricerca ha individuato un totale di 181 articoli, dei quali 16 sono stati inclusi nella revisione. Sono stati selezionati articoli pubblicati negli ultimi dieci anni, con popolazione adulta (>18 anni), in lingua inglese o italiana, con abstract e full-text disponibili. Risultati: I 16 articoli presi in esame hanno evidenziato come l’adozione di alcune strategie di prevenzione associate all’utilizzo corretto dei dispositivi e dei materiali a disposizione del clinico possa ridurre significativamente l’incidenza di tali lesioni. Fondamentali risultano essere la consapevolezza e la conoscenza dei clinici sul rischio di sviluppo delle MDRPI, sulle sedi e sui devices più interessati. L’applicazione di algoritmi preventivi che associano la valutazione del rischio all’utilizzo di medicazioni protettive delle zone esposte, materiali specifici e devices di corrette dimensioni e corretta conformazione; o corrette pressioni per i dispositivi che necessitano di ancoraggio. Infine, non meno importante, l’ispezione cutanea svolta consapevolmente dal clinico e la protezione della cute e delle mucose integre nelle fasi di applicazione e gestione del dispositivo, hanno ridotto l’incidenza di tali lesioni. Conclusioni: La revisione della letteratura ha evidenziato come le lesioni da pressione correlate ai dispositivi medici rappresentino un evento avverso frequente nei pazienti ricoverati in area critico-intensiva. Gli interventi infermieristici mirati, si sono dimostrati efficaci nel ridurre la loro incidenza. Nonostante alcuni limiti della ricerca effettuata, i risultati sottolineano il ruolo centrale dell’infermiere nella prevenzione delle MDRPI, attraverso un’attenta valutazione, un monitoraggio costante e l’adozione di pratiche assistenziali basate sull’evidenza, fondamentali per garantire sicurezza e qualità delle cure. Per applicare quanto emerso è necessaria un’implementazione delle conoscenze e della formazione in merito al rischio e alle strategie di prevenzione da adottare in tutti i pazienti portatori di devices, al fine di un operato che si fondi su conoscenze validate per la sicurezza del paziente preso in carico. Key Words: Mucosal Pressure Injury, Prevention, Risk Factors, Medical Devices Related Pressure Injury, Intensive Care Unit.
Interventi infermieristici e strategie per la prevenzione delle lesioni da pressione correlate a devices in area critico-intensiva: una revisione della letteratura.
VALENTE, GIACOMO
2024/2025
Abstract
Problem: During my university studies, and in particular during my internship experience in the Post-Operative Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit, I deepened my knowledge and management skills regarding the numerous medical devices used to support the vital functions of critically ill patients. The use of such devices, although essential, can lead to complications, including Medical Device Related Pressure Injuries (MDRPI), located at the mucosal and cutaneous levels, which remain underestimated to this day. This dissertation aims to analyze the nurse’s role in the prevention of MDRPIs in critical care settings, by exploring the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the skin and mucous membranes, the main devices responsible, and the preventive strategies to be adopted. The objective is to provide both theoretical and practical tools useful to improve the care of critically ill patients, promoting effective and safe nursing interventions. Materials and Methods: A literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA method. Two research questions were formulated using the PIO methodology, and the following databases were consulted: PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and other sources. The search identified a total of 181 articles, of which 16 were included in the review. Articles published within the last ten years were selected, focusing on adult populations (>18 years), written in English or Italian, and with both abstract and full-text available. Results: The 16 articles analyzed showed that the adoption of certain preventive strategies, combined with the proper use of devices and materials available to clinicians, can significantly reduce the incidence of such injuries. Awareness and knowledge among healthcare professionals about the risk of developing MDRPIs, the most affected sites, and the devices most commonly involved were found to be fundamental. The application of preventive algorithms that combine risk assessment with the use of protective dressings on exposed areas, specific materials, and appropriately sized and shaped devices—or devices with correct pressure levels when anchoring is required—proved effective. Finally, the conscious skin inspection carried out by clinicians and the protection of intact skin and mucous membranes during the application and management of devices have also contributed to a reduction in the incidence of such injuries. Conclusions: The literature review highlighted that pressure injuries related to medical devices represent a frequent adverse event among patients admitted to critical or intensive care units. Targeted nursing interventions have proven effective in reducing their incidence. Despite some limitations in the research conducted, the results emphasize the central role of nurses in preventing MDRPIs through careful assessment, continuous monitoring, and the adoption of evidence-based nursing practices, which are essential to ensure patient safety and quality of care. To apply these findings, it is necessary to enhance knowledge and training concerning the risk and preventive strategies to be adopted for all patients with medical devices, in order to ensure that nursing practice is based on validated evidence aimed at safeguarding patient safety. Key Words: Mucosal Pressure Injury, Prevention, Risk Factors, Medical Devices Related Pressure Injury, Intensive Care Unit.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102756