Introduction. In recent years, the management of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has become increasingly multidisciplinary and personalized. Since the disease often leads to progressive disability that cannot be fully halted or reversed by pharmacological therapy alone, rehabilitation plays a central role in preserving functional independence and improving quality of life. Among the tools available to rehabilitation, new technologies—particularly robotic devices—are becoming increasingly widespread. Despite their growing use, scientific literature specifically focused on MS reports heterogeneous findings. It is therefore essential to understand not only whether robotic rehabilitation is effective, but also which type of device is most suitable for the different stages of the disease and for the specific needs of individuals with MS. This systematic review aims to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of robotic devices in people with MS and to assess whether these technologies offer significant advantages over conventional rehabilitation. Materials and Methods. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The literature search was performed in PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews involving the use of technological devices in rehabilitation programs for individuals with MS of any age were included. Results. Robot-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) showed statistically significant effects in only a subset of the studies analyzed. Regarding wearable over-ground exoskeletons, the most notable improvements were observed in walking distance and test completion times. For robotic devices targeting the upper limb, two studies reported significant improvements within the experimental group; however, none demonstrated significant differences between groups, suggesting a positive effect that is not superior to conventional interventions. Conclusion. To definitively determine whether robotic devices are effective for the rehabilitation of individuals with MS, further studies with larger and more representative samples are needed, as well as research that goes beyond the evaluation of specific components of complex daily activities in controlled environments. Achieving this goal requires the active involvement of the entire rehabilitation team in the experimentation and integration of these technologies.
Introduzione. Negli ultimi anni la presa in carico delle persone con Sclerosi multipla (SM) è diventata sempre più multidisciplinare e personalizzata. Poiché la malattia comporta spesso una disabilità progressiva che la sola terapia farmacologica non può completamente arrestare o invertire, la riabilitazione assume un ruolo centrale per preservare l'indipendenza funzionale e migliorare la qualità della vita del paziente. Tra la strumentazione/dispositivi a disposizione della riabilitazione oggi sono sempre più presenti le nuove tecnologie, tra cui i dispositivi robotici. Nonostante la diffusione di queste tecnologie, la letteratura scientifica specifica sulla SM presenta risultati talvolta eterogenei. È fondamentale comprendere non solo se la robotica sia efficace, ma quale tipologia di dispositivo sia più adatta ai diversi stadi della malattia e ai bisogni della persona con SM. La presente revisione sistematica si pone l'obiettivo di: indagare l'efficacia terapeutica dei dispositivi robotici nelle persone con SM e di valutare se tali tecnologie offrano vantaggi significativi rispetto alla riabilitazione convenzionale. Materiali e metodi. La revisione sistematica proposta è stata condotta seguendo le linee guida del PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Statement). La ricerca delle evidenze è stata effettuata tramite i database PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science e Cochrane. Sono stati inclusi nello studio RCT e revisioni sistematiche che prevedevano utilizzo delle tecnologie nel trattamento riabilitativo con persone con SM di qualsiasi età. Risultati. I RAGT (Robot-Assisted Gait Training) hanno mostrato effetti statisticamente significativi solo in alcuni studi. Per quanto riguarda gli Esoscheletri Indossabili (Over-ground), gli effetti più evidenti riguardano la distanza percorsa e i tempi di esecuzione dei test. Nei dispositivi robotici per l’arto superiore, due studi riportano miglioramenti significativi nel gruppo sperimentale, mentre in nessuno studio emerge una differenza significativa tra i due gruppi, indicando un effetto positivo ma non superiore agli interventi standard. Conclusione. In conclusione, per rispondere alla domanda se i dispositivi robotici sono efficaci per la riabilitazione delle persone con SM, è necessario sviluppare nuovi studi con campioni maggiormente rappresentativi e che vadano oltre all’indagare le componenti specifiche delle più complesse attività quotidiane in ambiente protetto. Per far ciò è indispensabile coinvolgere l’intera equipe riabilitativa nella sperimentazione.
L’efficacia delle nuove tecnologie nella riabilitazione delle persone con sclerosi multipla: una revisione sistematica
MARCASSA, GIOIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Introduction. In recent years, the management of individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) has become increasingly multidisciplinary and personalized. Since the disease often leads to progressive disability that cannot be fully halted or reversed by pharmacological therapy alone, rehabilitation plays a central role in preserving functional independence and improving quality of life. Among the tools available to rehabilitation, new technologies—particularly robotic devices—are becoming increasingly widespread. Despite their growing use, scientific literature specifically focused on MS reports heterogeneous findings. It is therefore essential to understand not only whether robotic rehabilitation is effective, but also which type of device is most suitable for the different stages of the disease and for the specific needs of individuals with MS. This systematic review aims to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of robotic devices in people with MS and to assess whether these technologies offer significant advantages over conventional rehabilitation. Materials and Methods. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. The literature search was performed in PubMed, CINHAL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews involving the use of technological devices in rehabilitation programs for individuals with MS of any age were included. Results. Robot-Assisted Gait Training (RAGT) showed statistically significant effects in only a subset of the studies analyzed. Regarding wearable over-ground exoskeletons, the most notable improvements were observed in walking distance and test completion times. For robotic devices targeting the upper limb, two studies reported significant improvements within the experimental group; however, none demonstrated significant differences between groups, suggesting a positive effect that is not superior to conventional interventions. Conclusion. To definitively determine whether robotic devices are effective for the rehabilitation of individuals with MS, further studies with larger and more representative samples are needed, as well as research that goes beyond the evaluation of specific components of complex daily activities in controlled environments. Achieving this goal requires the active involvement of the entire rehabilitation team in the experimentation and integration of these technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102939