Background: Sleep is an important modulator of cognitive functions, particularly memory in all its facets. Numerous lines of evidence highlight the influence of sleep on memory; however, the specific contribution of sleep quantity remains less explored. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of sleep duration on declarative memory performance in student populations. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PsycINFO, PubMed, and PEDro databases. This search yielded 115 empirical articles published between 01/01/1970 and 04/11/2025 in peer-reviewed English-language journals and involving human participants. Randomized controlled trials assessing declarative memory performance through standardized tests in student populations (young adults and adolescents) were included. Exclusion criteria were studies involving animals, studies focused exclusively on specific sleep stages (REM/SWS), studies with interventions related to other variables (diet/physical activity/medication intake), observational studies, pediatric populations, or individuals with neurological, psychiatric, or sleep disorders. Article selection, data extraction, and methodological assessment were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 (RoB 2), which indicated an overall low risk of bias among the included studies, with the exception of one study presenting a very small subsample. Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included, for a total of 273 participants. Overall, the studies show that sleep deprivation or restriction selectively affects multiple processes within declarative memory. Conclusion: The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial factor for the proper functioning of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, but that its role varies depending on the nature of the task and the stage of the mnemonic process involved. Encoding appears particularly vulnerable to sleep loss; consolidation benefits from the physiological architecture of sleep (NREM and REM stages); and sleep deprivation at retrieval impairs executive processes, increasing errors and false memories.
Background: Il sonno rappresenta un importante modulatore delle funzioni cognitive, in particolare della memoria in tutte le sue sfaccettature. Numerose evidenze sottolineano l’importanza dell’influenza del sonno sulla memoria, tuttavia, il contributo specifico della quantità di sonno risulta meno esplorato. La presente revisione sistematica si propone di analizzare gli effetti della durata del sonno sulle prestazioni di memoria dichiarativa in popolazioni di studenti. Materiali e metodi: La ricerca bibliografica è stata condotta nei database PsycINFO, PubMed e PEDro. Questa ricerca ha prodotto 115 articoli empirici pubblicati tra il 01/01/1970 e il 04/11/2025 su riviste peer-reviewed in inglese utilizzando partecipanti umani. Sono stati inclusi studi controllati randomizzati, che valutavano prestazioni di memoria dichiarativa tramite test standardizzati in popolazioni di studenti (giovani adulti e adolescenti). Sono stati esclusi studi su animali, focalizzati esclusivamente su una specifica fase del sonno (REM/SWS), studi con interventi relativi ad altre variabili (alimentazione/attività fisica/assunzione di farmaci), studi osservazionali, popolazioni pediatriche, con patologie neurologiche, psichiatriche o disturbi del sonno. La selezione degli articoli, l’estrazione dei dati e la valutazione metodologica sono state effettuate secondo linee guida PRISMA. La qualità metodologica degli studi inclusi è stata valutata mediante la Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool versione 2 (RoB 2), la quale ha evidenziato un rischio di bias complessivamente basso tra gli studi inclusi, ad esclusione di uno studio che presentava un sottocampione molto ridotto. Risultati: Sono stati inclusi cinque studi randomizzati controllati, per un totale di 273 partecipanti. Nel complesso, gli studi mostrano che la deprivazione o la restrizione di sonno influenzano selettivamente molteplici processi della memoria dichiarativa. Conclusione: I risultati suggeriscono che il sonno rappresenta un fattore cruciale per il corretto funzionamento dei processi di codifica, consolidamento e recupero della memoria dichiarativa, ma il suo ruolo varia in base alla natura del compito e alla fase del processo mnestico coinvolta. La codifica appare particolarmente vulnerabile alla perdita di sonno; il consolidamento beneficia anche dell’architettura fisiologica del sonno (fasi NREM e REM); la privazione di sonno al recupero deteriora i processi esecutivi, aumentando errori e falsi ricordi.
Effetto della durata del sonno sulla memoria dichiarativa in popolazioni studentesche: una revisione sistematica di studi randomizzati.
VARAVALLO, ALESSIA
2024/2025
Abstract
Background: Sleep is an important modulator of cognitive functions, particularly memory in all its facets. Numerous lines of evidence highlight the influence of sleep on memory; however, the specific contribution of sleep quantity remains less explored. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of sleep duration on declarative memory performance in student populations. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PsycINFO, PubMed, and PEDro databases. This search yielded 115 empirical articles published between 01/01/1970 and 04/11/2025 in peer-reviewed English-language journals and involving human participants. Randomized controlled trials assessing declarative memory performance through standardized tests in student populations (young adults and adolescents) were included. Exclusion criteria were studies involving animals, studies focused exclusively on specific sleep stages (REM/SWS), studies with interventions related to other variables (diet/physical activity/medication intake), observational studies, pediatric populations, or individuals with neurological, psychiatric, or sleep disorders. Article selection, data extraction, and methodological assessment were conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 (RoB 2), which indicated an overall low risk of bias among the included studies, with the exception of one study presenting a very small subsample. Results: Five randomized controlled trials were included, for a total of 273 participants. Overall, the studies show that sleep deprivation or restriction selectively affects multiple processes within declarative memory. Conclusion: The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial factor for the proper functioning of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, but that its role varies depending on the nature of the task and the stage of the mnemonic process involved. Encoding appears particularly vulnerable to sleep loss; consolidation benefits from the physiological architecture of sleep (NREM and REM stages); and sleep deprivation at retrieval impairs executive processes, increasing errors and false memories.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/102941