The transportation industry is one of the main cause sector for global warming, although it is designing greener solutions that could drastically lower carbon dioxide emissions and pollution. Their studies mainly focus on the in-depht study of electric motors, which involve CO2 emissions reduction goals. Therefore, exploiting these types of motor seems to be a valid solution. In order to power electric vehicle engines, man has developed energy storage systems (EESS) that allow to have them available only when needed. These are called batteries. Lithium-ion batteries have broader application in electric vehicles due to a high energy density and a longer lifespan compared to the other batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to temperatures, voltages and pressures. Consequently, it is advisable verifying that there are no anomalies or operating ranges violations in order to safeguard both functioning and life of the battery. Monitoring takes place through energy management systems, called Battery Management Systems (BMSs), which allow to protect the battery and balance its charge. Electric cars can be divided into four groups according to the level of hybridization, namely depending on the electric motor power and the capacity of the batteries: ICEV, HEV, PHEV, BEV. Scientists cannot find a common opinion on which type of vehicle has the least impact, as not only the advantages of using electric vehicles should be considered. Energy supply, industry production and assembly, and disposal of vehicle components need to be taken into account too.
Il settore dei trasporti è uno dei maggiori responsabili del surriscaldamento globale, ma sta progettando soluzioni più green che possano abbassare drasticamente le emissioni di diossido di carbonio e l’inquinamento. Le ricerche si sono concentrate sull’approfondimento della motorizzazione elettrica che abbraccia gli obbiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni di CO2. L’impiego di un motore con motorizzazione elettrica sembra una valida soluzione. Per alimentare il motore del veicolo elettrico, l’uomo ha escogitato sistemi di accumulo dell’energia (EESS) per averne disponibilità quando la necessita, ovvero le batterie. Le batterie agli ioni di litio sono quelle che hanno trovato maggiore applicazione nei veicoli elettrici per la peculiarità di avere un’alta densità di energia e una durata di vita superiore rispetto alle altre. È una batteria molto sensibile alle temperature, alle tensioni e alle pressioni, è quindi opportuno controllare che non ci siano anomalie o violazioni degli intervalli operativi al fine di salvaguardare il funzionamento e la vita della batteria stessa. Il monitoraggio avviene tramite dei sistemi di gestione dell’energia detti Battery Management Systems (BMSs) che provvedono a proteggerla e bilanciarne la carica. Le auto elettriche possono essere suddivise in quattro gruppo in base al grado di ibridazione, cioè a seconda della potenza del motore elettrico e della capacità delle batterie: ICEV, HEV, PHEV, BEV. La letteratura scientifica non riesce a trovare un’opinione comune su quale tipo di veicolo sia meno impattante, perché non si possono solo considerare i vantaggi della fase di utilizzo che predilige i veicoli elettrici, ma bisogna esaminare anche l’approvvigionamento dell’energia, la produzione, l’assemblaggio e smaltimento delle componenti della vettura.
Sistemi di gestione e accumulo dell’energia in auto elettriche
CRESCENTE, ISABELLA
2021/2022
Abstract
The transportation industry is one of the main cause sector for global warming, although it is designing greener solutions that could drastically lower carbon dioxide emissions and pollution. Their studies mainly focus on the in-depht study of electric motors, which involve CO2 emissions reduction goals. Therefore, exploiting these types of motor seems to be a valid solution. In order to power electric vehicle engines, man has developed energy storage systems (EESS) that allow to have them available only when needed. These are called batteries. Lithium-ion batteries have broader application in electric vehicles due to a high energy density and a longer lifespan compared to the other batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to temperatures, voltages and pressures. Consequently, it is advisable verifying that there are no anomalies or operating ranges violations in order to safeguard both functioning and life of the battery. Monitoring takes place through energy management systems, called Battery Management Systems (BMSs), which allow to protect the battery and balance its charge. Electric cars can be divided into four groups according to the level of hybridization, namely depending on the electric motor power and the capacity of the batteries: ICEV, HEV, PHEV, BEV. Scientists cannot find a common opinion on which type of vehicle has the least impact, as not only the advantages of using electric vehicles should be considered. Energy supply, industry production and assembly, and disposal of vehicle components need to be taken into account too.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/10363