This thesis examines the famous 1878 libel trial brought by James Abbott McNeill Whistler against the art critic John Ruskin, as an emblematic moment in the clash between two opposing conceptions of art: a moral and socially engaged vision represented by Ruskin, and an aesthetic and formalist perspective championed by Whistler. The work uses this confrontation as a starting point to argue that art should be free from ethical and social constraints, asserting the aesthetic autonomy of the artwork. The thesis explores the reflections this debate inspired in two central figures of literary modernity: T. S. Eliot and Oscar Wilde. In Tradition and the Individual Talent, Eliot reinterprets the role of the artist within tradition, emphasizing the impersonality of art and the independence of the artwork from both author and society. Wilde, in his essay The Critic as Artist, takes Whistler's position to its extreme, celebrating the superiority of art over life and rejecting any moral function of aesthetics. The analysis demonstrates how the Ruskin–Whistler trial represented not merely a legal case, but a symbolic moment in the modern debate on art, anticipating key positions of aestheticism and early twentieth-century modernism.
Questa tesi analizza il celebre processo per diffamazione intentato nel 1878 da James Abbott McNeill Whistler contro il critico d’arte John Ruskin, come momento emblematico del conflitto tra due visioni opposte dell’arte: una concezione morale e sociale, rappresentata da Ruskin, e una visione estetica e formalista, sostenuta da Whistler. L’elaborato parte da questo scontro per argomentare come l’arte debba essere libera da vincoli etici e sociali, rivendicato l'autonomia estetica dell'opera d'arte. La tesi esplora le riflessioni che tale dibattito ha generato in due figure centrali della modernità letteraria: T.S. Eliot e Oscar Wilde. In Tradition and the Individual Talent, Eliot reinterpreta il ruolo dell’artista all’interno della tradizione, ponendo l’accento sull’impersonalità dell’arte e sull’indipendenza dell’opera rispetto all’autore e alla società. Wilde, nel saggio The Critic as Artist, porta alle estreme conseguenze la posizione di Whistler, esaltando la superiorità dell’arte rispetto alla vita e rifiutando ogni funzione morale dell’estetica. L’analisi mostra come il processo Ruskin–Whistler abbia rappresentato non solo un evento giudiziario, ma un momento simbolico nel dibattito moderno sull’arte, anticipando le posizioni dell’estetismo e del modernismo del primo Novecento.
L'arte contemporanea in tribunale: il processo Ruskin-Whistler (1878) visto da Henry James e Oscar Wilde.
SANTUZ, ALICE ELISABETTA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the famous 1878 libel trial brought by James Abbott McNeill Whistler against the art critic John Ruskin, as an emblematic moment in the clash between two opposing conceptions of art: a moral and socially engaged vision represented by Ruskin, and an aesthetic and formalist perspective championed by Whistler. The work uses this confrontation as a starting point to argue that art should be free from ethical and social constraints, asserting the aesthetic autonomy of the artwork. The thesis explores the reflections this debate inspired in two central figures of literary modernity: T. S. Eliot and Oscar Wilde. In Tradition and the Individual Talent, Eliot reinterprets the role of the artist within tradition, emphasizing the impersonality of art and the independence of the artwork from both author and society. Wilde, in his essay The Critic as Artist, takes Whistler's position to its extreme, celebrating the superiority of art over life and rejecting any moral function of aesthetics. The analysis demonstrates how the Ruskin–Whistler trial represented not merely a legal case, but a symbolic moment in the modern debate on art, anticipating key positions of aestheticism and early twentieth-century modernism.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104089