This thesis examines the situation in the Gaza Strip from an international legal perspective, with particular reference to the legal characterization of conduct carried out in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in light of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The study first reconstructs the historical, political, and normative framework of the conflict, analyzing the evolution of the occupation regime, the blockade of the Strip, and their socio-economic and humanitarian consequences for the civilian population. The analysis then turns to the constitutive elements of genocide under international law, with specific attention to the actus reus and the dolus specialis, as well as to the evidentiary challenges involved in establishing genocidal intent. Drawing on normative sources, international jurisprudence, United Nations reports, and recent scholarly literature, the thesis assesses the legal relevance of blockades, attacks on civilian infrastructure, humanitarian restrictions, and state policies within the framework of genocide allegations related to Gaza. Particular attention is also devoted to the collection and evaluation of evidence in international proceedings, with reference to the standards applied by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The final part of the thesis reviews recent political and judicial developments, including proceedings brought before the ICJ, the role of the ICC, and the responses of the international community and institutional actors. Overall, the thesis highlights the structural limits of international criminal law enforcement, the selectivity of global justice, and the persistent tension between state sovereignty and the effective protection of fundamental rights.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone di analizzare la situazione della Striscia di Gaza in una prospettiva giuridico-internazionale, con particolare riferimento alla qualificazione delle condotte poste in essere nel contesto del conflitto israelo-palestinese, alla luce della Convenzione per la prevenzione e la repressione del delitto di genocidio del 1948. In particolare, l'elaborato ricostruisce il contesto storico, politico e normativo del conflitto, esaminando l'evoluzione del regime di occupazione, il blocco della Striscia e i relativi impatti socio-economici e umanitari sulla popolazione civile. L'analisi si concentra sugli elementi costitutivi del genocidio nel diritto internazionale, con specifica attenzione all'actus reus e al dolus specialis, nonché sulle difficoltà probatorie connesse all'accertamento dell'intento distruttivo. Attraverso l'esame di fonti normative, giurisprudenza internazionale, rapporti delle Nazioni unite e contributi dottrinali recenti, il lavoro valuta la rilevanza giuridica di blocchi, attacchi ad infrastrutture civili, restrizioni umanitarie e politiche statali nel quadro delle accuse di genocidio relative a Gaza. Viene inoltre approfondito il tema della raccolta e validazione delle prove nei procedimenti internazionali, con riferimento agli standard applicati dalla Corte Internazionale di Giustizia (CIG) e della Corte Penale Internazionale (CPI). La tesi, infine, esamina gli sviluppi più recenti sul piano politico e giudiziario, inclusi i procedimenti avviati davanti alla CIG e il ruolo della CPI, nonché le reazioni della comunità internazionale e degli attori istituzionali. Il lavoro mette in evidenza i limiti strutturali dell'enforcement del diritto penale internazionale, la selettività della giustizia globale e la tensione tra sovranità statale e tutela effettiva dei diritti fondamentali.
Genocidio e condizione palestinese nella striscia di Gaza: posizioni a confronto.
MOUJOUD, MARWA
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis examines the situation in the Gaza Strip from an international legal perspective, with particular reference to the legal characterization of conduct carried out in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in light of the 1948 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. The study first reconstructs the historical, political, and normative framework of the conflict, analyzing the evolution of the occupation regime, the blockade of the Strip, and their socio-economic and humanitarian consequences for the civilian population. The analysis then turns to the constitutive elements of genocide under international law, with specific attention to the actus reus and the dolus specialis, as well as to the evidentiary challenges involved in establishing genocidal intent. Drawing on normative sources, international jurisprudence, United Nations reports, and recent scholarly literature, the thesis assesses the legal relevance of blockades, attacks on civilian infrastructure, humanitarian restrictions, and state policies within the framework of genocide allegations related to Gaza. Particular attention is also devoted to the collection and evaluation of evidence in international proceedings, with reference to the standards applied by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). The final part of the thesis reviews recent political and judicial developments, including proceedings brought before the ICJ, the role of the ICC, and the responses of the international community and institutional actors. Overall, the thesis highlights the structural limits of international criminal law enforcement, the selectivity of global justice, and the persistent tension between state sovereignty and the effective protection of fundamental rights.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104403