This thesis investigates the historical and political evolution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), tracing its trajectory from the diplomatic success of 1975 to its current systemic crisis. The first part of the study analyzes the genesis of the CSCE as an instrument of détente, focusing on the institutional transformation of the 1990s and the attempt to establish a regime of "cooperative security." The core of the research delves into the operational challenges encountered on the ground: from the management of "frozen conflicts" to the crises that signaled the return of power politics, such as the 2008 war in Georgia and the 2014 crisis in Ukraine. Finally, the work discusses the impact of the 2022 Russian invasion and the resulting decision-making paralysis that characterizes the Organization to the present day (2026), highlighting how the ongoing diplomatic stalemate threatens the very survival of European multilateralism.
Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone di indagare l’evoluzione storico-politica dell’Organizzazione per la Sicurezza e la Cooperazione in Europa (OSCE), tracciando il percorso che l’ha condotta dal successo diplomatico del 1975 all’attuale crisi sistemica. Nella prima parte, lo studio analizza la genesi della CSCE come strumento di distensione, per poi focalizzarsi sulla trasformazione istituzionale degli anni Novanta e sul tentativo di instaurare un regime di "sicurezza cooperativa". Il nucleo centrale della ricerca approfondisce le criticità operative emerse sul campo: dalla gestione dei "conflitti congelati" fino alle crisi che hanno segnato il ritorno della politica di potenza, come la guerra in Georgia (2008) e la crisi ucraina (2014). Infine, l’elaborato discute l’impatto dell’invasione russa del 2022 e la conseguente paralisi decisionale che ha caratterizzato l'Organizzazione fino a oggi (2026), mettendo in luce come il perdurante stallo diplomatico minacci la sopravvivenza stessa del multilateralismo europeo.
Diplomazia e sicurezza nel continente diviso: l’OSCE come strumento del dialogo europeo (1975-2026)
SERRAINO, GIOVANNI
2025/2026
Abstract
This thesis investigates the historical and political evolution of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), tracing its trajectory from the diplomatic success of 1975 to its current systemic crisis. The first part of the study analyzes the genesis of the CSCE as an instrument of détente, focusing on the institutional transformation of the 1990s and the attempt to establish a regime of "cooperative security." The core of the research delves into the operational challenges encountered on the ground: from the management of "frozen conflicts" to the crises that signaled the return of power politics, such as the 2008 war in Georgia and the 2014 crisis in Ukraine. Finally, the work discusses the impact of the 2022 Russian invasion and the resulting decision-making paralysis that characterizes the Organization to the present day (2026), highlighting how the ongoing diplomatic stalemate threatens the very survival of European multilateralism.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104428