This study explores the concept of good government through a historical and conceptual trajectory that reconstructs its origins, transformations, and continuities within the Western political tradition, culminating in the thought of Carl Schmitt. The analysis begins with classical political philosophy, in which government is conceived as an expression of the common good and of the virtue of the ruler, and then proceeds to the Middle Ages, when political authority assumes a theological-political dimension grounded in divine and natural law. With the advent of modernity, good government emerges as a principle linked to state sovereignty and institutional rationality, thereby laying the conceptual foundations for Schmitt’s theoretical elaboration. Within this framework, Carl Schmitt’s thought is interpreted as a radicalization of this tradition, centered on political decision, the friend–enemy distinction, and sovereignty understood as the capacity to decide on the state of exception. The study highlights how reflection on good government is not static but evolves in relation to historical and cultural contexts, while preserving enduring tensions between authority, legitimacy, and the security of the political community. Through a dual historical and theoretical approach, this work demonstrates how the intellectual trajectory leading to Schmitt clarifies the centrality of decision, sovereignty, and conflict as structural elements of politics, while also offering a critical assessment of the implications and limits of the decisionist paradigm.
Il presente lavoro analizza il concetto di buon governo attraverso un percorso storico e concettuale che ne ricostruisce le origini, le trasformazioni e le continuità nella tradizione politica occidentale, fino a giungere al pensiero di Carl Schmitt. L’indagine prende avvio dalla filosofia politica classica, in cui il governo è concepito come espressione del bene comune e della virtù del governante, per poi attraversare l’Età di Mezzo, dove l’autorità politica assume una dimensione teologico-politica fondata sulla legge divina e naturale. Con la Modernità, il buon governo si configura come principio della sovranità statale e della razionalità istituzionale, ponendo le basi concettuali per l’elaborazione teorica schmittiana. In questo quadro, il pensiero di Carl Schmitt viene interpretato come una radicalizzazione di tale tradizione, incentrata sulla decisione politica, sulla distinzione tra amico e nemico e sulla sovranità intesa come capacità di decidere nello stato di eccezione. L’analisi evidenzia come la riflessione sul buon governo non sia statica, ma si trasformi in relazione ai contesti storici e culturali, mantenendo tuttavia alcune tensioni costanti tra autorità, legittimità e sicurezza della comunità politica. Attraverso un duplice registro storico e teorico, il lavoro dimostra come il percorso che conduce a Schmitt consenta di comprendere la centralità della decisione, della sovranità e del conflitto quali elementi strutturali della politica, offrendo al contempo una valutazione critica delle implicazioni e dei limiti del paradigma decisionista.
Il tema del “buon governo” nel pensiero di Schmitt e i suoi antecedenti nella storia del pensiero politico.
TAMBURO, ELEONORA
2025/2026
Abstract
This study explores the concept of good government through a historical and conceptual trajectory that reconstructs its origins, transformations, and continuities within the Western political tradition, culminating in the thought of Carl Schmitt. The analysis begins with classical political philosophy, in which government is conceived as an expression of the common good and of the virtue of the ruler, and then proceeds to the Middle Ages, when political authority assumes a theological-political dimension grounded in divine and natural law. With the advent of modernity, good government emerges as a principle linked to state sovereignty and institutional rationality, thereby laying the conceptual foundations for Schmitt’s theoretical elaboration. Within this framework, Carl Schmitt’s thought is interpreted as a radicalization of this tradition, centered on political decision, the friend–enemy distinction, and sovereignty understood as the capacity to decide on the state of exception. The study highlights how reflection on good government is not static but evolves in relation to historical and cultural contexts, while preserving enduring tensions between authority, legitimacy, and the security of the political community. Through a dual historical and theoretical approach, this work demonstrates how the intellectual trajectory leading to Schmitt clarifies the centrality of decision, sovereignty, and conflict as structural elements of politics, while also offering a critical assessment of the implications and limits of the decisionist paradigm.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104429