This monographic work aims to analyze the thought of Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), with particular reference to his deconstruction of the categories of modern politics and his interpretation of the crisis of the international order. The core of the research lies in the work The Nomos of the Earth (1950), through which the trajectory of the Jus Publicum Europaeum is reconstructed: the spatial and legal order born with the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and founded on the centrality of the sovereign State. In the first part of the thesis, the concept of Nomos is examined, understood as a concrete and oriented order deriving from the original occupation and partitioning of land. The genesis of the European interstate system is described, which was capable of limiting war by transforming it into a "duel" between equal subjects (justi hostes). This balance, characterized by the distinction between European space and the "free" extra-European space of the colonies, rested on the balance between land powers and English maritime power. The thesis then analyzes the factors behind the dissolution of this order, traceable to the rise of the United States, the decline of Eurocentrism, and the advent of 20th-century liberalism. The latter, in an attempt to neutralize the political through technology and economics, has paradoxically led to a criminalization of the enemy. With the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles, we witness the transition from non-discriminatory war to discriminatory war, marking the return to the medieval doctrine of justa causa and the transformation of conflict into an ideological "world civil war". Finally, the work explores the relevance of Schmittian insights through contemporary readings by authors such as Alessandro Colombo, Carlo Galli, and the duo Hardt-Negri. The comparison with these radical interpretations highlights how Schmittian categories—from the state of exception to new conflict figures like the partisan—remain irreplaceable tools for deciphering the contemporary global order crisis and the dynamics of asymmetric conflicts.
Il presente lavoro monografico si propone di analizzare il pensiero di Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), con particolare riferimento alla sua decostruzione delle categorie della politica moderna e alla sua interpretazione della crisi dell’ordine internazionale. Il fulcro della ricerca risiede nell'opera Il Nomos della terra (1950), attraverso la quale viene ricostruita la parabola dello Jus Publicum Europaeum: l'ordinamento spaziale e giuridico nato con la pace di Westfalia (1648) e fondato sulla centralità dello Stato sovrano. Nella prima parte dell'elaborato, si esamina il concetto di Nomos inteso come ordinamento concreto e orientato, derivante dall’originaria occupazione e ripartizione della terra. Viene descritta la genesi del sistema interstatale europeo, capace di limitare la guerra trasformandola in un "duello" tra soggetti paritari (justi hostes). Tale equilibrio, caratterizzato dalla distinzione tra lo spazio europeo e il "libero" spazio extra-europeo delle colonie, poggiava sul bilanciamento tra le potenze di terra e la potenza marittima inglese. La tesi analizza poi i fattori di dissoluzione di questo ordine, rintracciabili nell'ascesa degli Stati Uniti, nel tramonto dell'eurocentrismo e nell'avvento del liberalismo novecentesco. Quest'ultimo, nel tentativo di neutralizzare il politico attraverso la tecnica e l’economia, ha paradossalmente condotto a una criminalizzazione del nemico. Con la Prima guerra mondiale e il Trattato di Versailles, si assiste infatti al passaggio dalla guerra non discriminatoria alla guerra discriminatoria, segnando il ritorno alla dottrina medievale della justa causa e la trasformazione del conflitto in una "guerra civile mondiale" ideologica. Infine, l’elaborato esplora l’attualità delle intuizioni schmittiane attraverso le riletture contemporanee di autori come Alessandro Colombo, Carlo Galli e il duo Hardt-Negri. Il confronto con queste interpretazioni radicali permette di evidenziare come le categorie schmittiane — dallo stato d'eccezione alle nuove figure del conflitto come il partigiano — restino strumenti insostituibili per decifrare la crisi dell'ordine globale contemporaneo e le dinamiche dei conflitti asimmetrici.
DALLO JUS PUBLICUM EUROPAEUM ALLA CRISI DELL'ORDINE MONDIALE: CARL SCHMITT COME DECOSTRUTTORE DELLA POLITICA MODERNA
MARCHETTI, FEDERICO
2025/2026
Abstract
This monographic work aims to analyze the thought of Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), with particular reference to his deconstruction of the categories of modern politics and his interpretation of the crisis of the international order. The core of the research lies in the work The Nomos of the Earth (1950), through which the trajectory of the Jus Publicum Europaeum is reconstructed: the spatial and legal order born with the Peace of Westphalia (1648) and founded on the centrality of the sovereign State. In the first part of the thesis, the concept of Nomos is examined, understood as a concrete and oriented order deriving from the original occupation and partitioning of land. The genesis of the European interstate system is described, which was capable of limiting war by transforming it into a "duel" between equal subjects (justi hostes). This balance, characterized by the distinction between European space and the "free" extra-European space of the colonies, rested on the balance between land powers and English maritime power. The thesis then analyzes the factors behind the dissolution of this order, traceable to the rise of the United States, the decline of Eurocentrism, and the advent of 20th-century liberalism. The latter, in an attempt to neutralize the political through technology and economics, has paradoxically led to a criminalization of the enemy. With the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles, we witness the transition from non-discriminatory war to discriminatory war, marking the return to the medieval doctrine of justa causa and the transformation of conflict into an ideological "world civil war". Finally, the work explores the relevance of Schmittian insights through contemporary readings by authors such as Alessandro Colombo, Carlo Galli, and the duo Hardt-Negri. The comparison with these radical interpretations highlights how Schmittian categories—from the state of exception to new conflict figures like the partisan—remain irreplaceable tools for deciphering the contemporary global order crisis and the dynamics of asymmetric conflicts.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12608/104455